Abstract：
Increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals and the respective consequences for the aquatic environment have been the focus of many studies over the last thirty years. Various aspects in this field were investigated, considering diverse pharmaceutical groups and employing a wide range of research methodologies. Various questions from the perspectives of different research areas were devised and answered, resulting in a large mix of individual findings and conclusions. Collectively, the results of the studies offer a comprehensive overview. The large variety of methods and strategies, however, demands close attention when comparing and combining information from heterogeneous projects. This review critically examines the application of diverse sampling techniques as well as analytical methods in investigations concerning the behavior of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and contrast agents (CAs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The combination of sampling and analysis is discussed with regard to its suitability for specific scientific problems. Different research focuses need different methods and answer different questions. An overview of studies dealing with the fate and degradation of PhACs and CAs in WWTPs is presented, discussing their strategic approaches and findings. This review includes surveys of anticancer drugs, antibiotics, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, antidiabetics, beta blockers, hormonal contraceptives, lipid lowering agents, antidepressants as well as contrast agents for X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging.
摘要：
在过去的三十年中，药物消耗的增加以及对水生环境的各自后果一直是许多研究的重点。在这一领域的各个方面进行了调查，考虑不同的制药集团，并采用广泛的研究方法。从不同研究领域的角度设计和回答了各种问题，导致个人发现和结论的大量混合。总的来说，研究结果提供了全面的概述。各种各样的方法和策略，然而,在比较和组合来自异构项目的信息时，需要密切关注。这篇评论严格审查了各种采样技术以及分析方法在有关废水处理厂（WWTP）中药物活性化合物（PhAC）和造影剂（CA）行为的研究中的应用。关于采样和分析的结合，讨论了其对特定科学问题的适用性。不同的研究重点需要不同的方法，回答不同的问题。概述了处理污水处理厂中PhAC和CA的命运和退化的研究，讨论他们的战略方法和发现。这篇综述包括抗癌药物的调查，抗生素,镇痛药和抗炎药，抗糖尿病药,β受体阻滞剂,荷尔蒙避孕药,降脂药，抗抑郁药以及X射线和磁共振成像的造影剂。
