Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: To describe healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and associated costs after initiation of injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) therapy by adult patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the prospective, observational, 24-month TROPHIES study in France, Germany, and Italy.
UNASSIGNED: HCRU data for cost calculations were collected by treating physicians during patient interviews at baseline and follow-up visits approximately 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after GLP-1 RA initiation with once-weekly dulaglutide or once-daily liraglutide. Costs were evaluated from the national healthcare system (third-party payer) perspective and updated to 2018 prices.
UNASSIGNED: In total, 2,005 patients were eligible for the HCRU analysis (1,014 dulaglutide; 991 liraglutide). Baseline patient characteristics were generally similar between treatment groups and countries. The largest proportions of patients using ≥2 oral glucose-lowering medications (GLMs) at baseline (42.9-43.4%) and month 24 (44.0-45.1%) and using another injectable GLM at month 24 (15.3-23.2%) were in France. Mean numbers of primary and secondary healthcare contacts during each assessment period were highest in France (range = 4.0-10.7) and Germany (range = 2.9-5.7), respectively. The greatest proportions (≥60%) of mean annualized costs per patient comprised medication costs. Mean annualized HCRU costs per patient varied by treatment cohort and country: the highest levels were in the liraglutide cohort in France (€909) and the dulaglutide cohort in Germany (€883).
UNASSIGNED: Limitations included exclusion of patients using insulin at GLP-1 RA initiation and collection of HCRU data by physician, not via patient-completed diaries.
UNASSIGNED: Real-world HCRU and costs associated with the treatment of adults with T2D with two GLP-1 RAs in TROPHIES emphasize the need to avoid generalization with respect to HCRU and costs associated with a particular therapy when estimating the impact of a new treatment in a country-specific setting.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become frequent treatments of hyperglycemia in type-2 diabetes (T2D). Not all types of clinical study provide information about the cost of these treatments or the effects they might have on use of other medicines and equipment to control T2D or the need for visits to a doctor or nurse and different types of treatment in hospital. This study collected this information during the regular care of adults in France, Germany, or Italy who were prescribed either dulaglutide or liraglutide (both types of GLP-1 RAs) by their family doctor or a specialist in T2D. There were differences in costs and the need for other medicines and medical services between people using either dulaglutide or liraglutide and for people who were using the same GLP-1 RA in each of the three countries. The information from this study could be used to more accurately understand the overall costs and medical care needed when patients use dulaglutide or liraglutide in France, Germany, or Italy.
UNASSIGNED: HCRU data for cost calculations were collected by treating physicians during patient interviews at baseline and follow-up visits approximately 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after GLP-1 RA initiation with once-weekly dulaglutide or once-daily liraglutide. Costs were evaluated from the national healthcare system (third-party payer) perspective and updated to 2018 prices.
UNASSIGNED: In total, 2,005 patients were eligible for the HCRU analysis (1,014 dulaglutide; 991 liraglutide). Baseline patient characteristics were generally similar between treatment groups and countries. The largest proportions of patients using ≥2 oral glucose-lowering medications (GLMs) at baseline (42.9-43.4%) and month 24 (44.0-45.1%) and using another injectable GLM at month 24 (15.3-23.2%) were in France. Mean numbers of primary and secondary healthcare contacts during each assessment period were highest in France (range = 4.0-10.7) and Germany (range = 2.9-5.7), respectively. The greatest proportions (≥60%) of mean annualized costs per patient comprised medication costs. Mean annualized HCRU costs per patient varied by treatment cohort and country: the highest levels were in the liraglutide cohort in France (€909) and the dulaglutide cohort in Germany (€883).
UNASSIGNED: Limitations included exclusion of patients using insulin at GLP-1 RA initiation and collection of HCRU data by physician, not via patient-completed diaries.
UNASSIGNED: Real-world HCRU and costs associated with the treatment of adults with T2D with two GLP-1 RAs in TROPHIES emphasize the need to avoid generalization with respect to HCRU and costs associated with a particular therapy when estimating the impact of a new treatment in a country-specific setting.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become frequent treatments of hyperglycemia in type-2 diabetes (T2D). Not all types of clinical study provide information about the cost of these treatments or the effects they might have on use of other medicines and equipment to control T2D or the need for visits to a doctor or nurse and different types of treatment in hospital. This study collected this information during the regular care of adults in France, Germany, or Italy who were prescribed either dulaglutide or liraglutide (both types of GLP-1 RAs) by their family doctor or a specialist in T2D. There were differences in costs and the need for other medicines and medical services between people using either dulaglutide or liraglutide and for people who were using the same GLP-1 RA in each of the three countries. The information from this study could be used to more accurately understand the overall costs and medical care needed when patients use dulaglutide or liraglutide in France, Germany, or Italy.
摘要：
■为了描述2型糖尿病（T2D）成年患者开始注射胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂（GLP-1RA）治疗后的医疗保健资源利用（HCRU）和相关成本，观察,在法国进行24个月的Trophies学习，德国,和意大利。
■HCRU的成本计算数据是在GLP-1RA开始服用每周一次杜拉鲁肽或每天一次利拉鲁肽后约6、12、18和24个月的基线和随访访视期间由治疗医师收集的。从国家医疗系统（第三方付款人）的角度评估了成本，并更新到2018年的价格。
■总共，2,005例患者符合HCRU分析的条件（1,014杜拉鲁肽；991利拉鲁肽）。治疗组和国家之间的基线患者特征通常相似。在基线（42.9-43.4％）和第24个月（44.0-45.1％）使用≥2种口服降糖药物（GLM）和在第24个月（15.3-23.2％）使用另一种可注射GLM的患者比例最大的是法国。在每个评估期间，法国（范围=4.0-10.7）和德国（范围=2.9-5.7）的初级和二级医疗保健接触者的平均人数最高，分别。每位患者平均年化成本的最大比例(≥60%)包括药物成本。每位患者的平均年度HCRU费用因治疗队列和国家而异：最高水平是法国的利拉鲁肽队列（909欧元）和德国的杜拉鲁肽队列（883欧元）。
■限制包括排除在GLP-1RA启动时使用胰岛素的患者，以及由医生收集HCRU数据，不是通过病人完成的日记。
■现实世界中的HCRU和与T2D成人治疗相关的成本在《财富》中使用两个GLP-1RA强调，在评估特定国家/地区的新疗法的影响时，需要避免对HCRU和与特定疗法相关的成本进行概括。
胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RA)已成为2型糖尿病(T2D)中高血糖症的常用治疗方法。并非所有类型的临床研究都提供有关这些治疗的成本或它们可能对使用其他药物和设备来控制T2D或需要去看医生或护士以及在医院接受不同类型治疗的影响的信息。这项研究在法国成年人的常规护理中收集了这些信息，德国,或意大利，他们的家庭医生或T2D专家开了杜拉鲁肽或利拉鲁肽（两种类型的GLP-1RA）。在这三个国家中，使用杜拉鲁肽或利拉鲁肽的人与使用相同GLP-1RA的人之间的成本以及对其他药物和医疗服务的需求存在差异。这项研究的信息可用于更准确地了解患者在法国使用杜拉鲁肽或利拉鲁肽时所需的总成本和医疗护理，德国,或者意大利。
■HCRU的成本计算数据是在GLP-1RA开始服用每周一次杜拉鲁肽或每天一次利拉鲁肽后约6、12、18和24个月的基线和随访访视期间由治疗医师收集的。从国家医疗系统（第三方付款人）的角度评估了成本，并更新到2018年的价格。
■总共，2,005例患者符合HCRU分析的条件（1,014杜拉鲁肽；991利拉鲁肽）。治疗组和国家之间的基线患者特征通常相似。在基线（42.9-43.4％）和第24个月（44.0-45.1％）使用≥2种口服降糖药物（GLM）和在第24个月（15.3-23.2％）使用另一种可注射GLM的患者比例最大的是法国。在每个评估期间，法国（范围=4.0-10.7）和德国（范围=2.9-5.7）的初级和二级医疗保健接触者的平均人数最高，分别。每位患者平均年化成本的最大比例(≥60%)包括药物成本。每位患者的平均年度HCRU费用因治疗队列和国家而异：最高水平是法国的利拉鲁肽队列（909欧元）和德国的杜拉鲁肽队列（883欧元）。
■限制包括排除在GLP-1RA启动时使用胰岛素的患者，以及由医生收集HCRU数据，不是通过病人完成的日记。
■现实世界中的HCRU和与T2D成人治疗相关的成本在《财富》中使用两个GLP-1RA强调，在评估特定国家/地区的新疗法的影响时，需要避免对HCRU和与特定疗法相关的成本进行概括。
胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RA)已成为2型糖尿病(T2D)中高血糖症的常用治疗方法。并非所有类型的临床研究都提供有关这些治疗的成本或它们可能对使用其他药物和设备来控制T2D或需要去看医生或护士以及在医院接受不同类型治疗的影响的信息。这项研究在法国成年人的常规护理中收集了这些信息，德国,或意大利，他们的家庭医生或T2D专家开了杜拉鲁肽或利拉鲁肽（两种类型的GLP-1RA）。在这三个国家中，使用杜拉鲁肽或利拉鲁肽的人与使用相同GLP-1RA的人之间的成本以及对其他药物和医疗服务的需求存在差异。这项研究的信息可用于更准确地了解患者在法国使用杜拉鲁肽或利拉鲁肽时所需的总成本和医疗护理，德国,或者意大利。
