Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: This study aims at investigating the phonological development of the six guttural consonants of Jordanian Arabic, /χ/, /ʁ/, /ħ/, /ʕ/, /ʔ/, and /h/.
UNASSIGNED: An articulation test is designed to involve two tasks: picture naming and repetition. The test includes 54 words for picture naming and 18 words for repetition, representing all possible positions of the targeted guttural sounds. Samples are collected from 40 typically developing Ammani-Jordanian Arabic-speaking monolingual children, living in Amman, Jordan. Respondents are equally divided into eight age-related trajectories: 2-2;6, 2;6-3, 3-3;6, 3;6-4, 4-4;6, 4;6-5, 5-5;6, and 5;6-6 (years;months). No child with a history of hearing, speech, or vision disorders is included. The data are analyzed using production accuracy, where the three developmental trajectories of production (customary, acquisition, and mastery) are determined for each guttural, and error analysis, addressed based on perceptual judgments, providing details of every mispronounced or deleted guttural.
UNASSIGNED: The results show that /χ/, /ħ/, /ʕ/, and /ʔ/ are acquired before the age of 6 years, while /ʁ/ and /h/ are still not acquired by this age. Respondents use relatively variant alternatives for the mispronounced cognates, including guttural, nonguttural sounds, and vowel substitution. The /ʁ/ is the guttural with the highest number of alternatives, while /ʔ/ gets the least. The analysis also reveals patterns of guttural deletion, with variations across different guttural sounds and positions. Despite errors/deviations made, respondents score accuracy percentages that gradually increase in correlation with age. The guttural /ʁ/ starts with the lowest accuracy percentages, while /ʔ/ and /ħ/ start with the highest.
UNASSIGNED: These findings illuminate on the developmental trajectory of guttural acquisition and enrich our understanding of children\'s evolving perception and production abilities. They offer valuable insights into the patterns of guttural sound production in Jordanian Arabic-speaking children, laying the groundwork for further research and the development of targeted assessment and intervention strategies to support phonological development in this population.
UNASSIGNED: An articulation test is designed to involve two tasks: picture naming and repetition. The test includes 54 words for picture naming and 18 words for repetition, representing all possible positions of the targeted guttural sounds. Samples are collected from 40 typically developing Ammani-Jordanian Arabic-speaking monolingual children, living in Amman, Jordan. Respondents are equally divided into eight age-related trajectories: 2-2;6, 2;6-3, 3-3;6, 3;6-4, 4-4;6, 4;6-5, 5-5;6, and 5;6-6 (years;months). No child with a history of hearing, speech, or vision disorders is included. The data are analyzed using production accuracy, where the three developmental trajectories of production (customary, acquisition, and mastery) are determined for each guttural, and error analysis, addressed based on perceptual judgments, providing details of every mispronounced or deleted guttural.
UNASSIGNED: The results show that /χ/, /ħ/, /ʕ/, and /ʔ/ are acquired before the age of 6 years, while /ʁ/ and /h/ are still not acquired by this age. Respondents use relatively variant alternatives for the mispronounced cognates, including guttural, nonguttural sounds, and vowel substitution. The /ʁ/ is the guttural with the highest number of alternatives, while /ʔ/ gets the least. The analysis also reveals patterns of guttural deletion, with variations across different guttural sounds and positions. Despite errors/deviations made, respondents score accuracy percentages that gradually increase in correlation with age. The guttural /ʁ/ starts with the lowest accuracy percentages, while /ʔ/ and /ħ/ start with the highest.
UNASSIGNED: These findings illuminate on the developmental trajectory of guttural acquisition and enrich our understanding of children\'s evolving perception and production abilities. They offer valuable insights into the patterns of guttural sound production in Jordanian Arabic-speaking children, laying the groundwork for further research and the development of targeted assessment and intervention strategies to support phonological development in this population.
摘要：
■本研究旨在调查约旦阿拉伯语的六个喉音辅音的语音发展，/χ/，//,//,//,//,和/h/。
■一种衔接测试旨在涉及两个任务：图片命名和重复。测试包括54个单词的图片命名和18个单词的重复，代表目标喉音的所有可能位置。样本是从40名通常发育中的安玛尼-约旦阿拉伯语单语儿童中收集的，住在安曼,乔丹。受访者平均分为八个与年龄相关的轨迹：2-2;6，2;6-3，3-3;6，3;6-4，4-4;6，4;6-5，5-5;6和5;6-6（岁；月）。没有有听力史的孩子，演讲,或包括视力障碍。使用生产精度分析数据，其中生产的三个发展轨迹(习惯，收购,和掌握)是为每个喉部确定的，和错误分析，基于感知判断，提供每个发音错误或删除的喉音细节。
■结果表明/χ/，//,//,和//在6岁之前获得，而//和/h/仍然没有获得这个年龄。受访者对发音错误的同源词使用相对不同的替代方案，包括喉部,非喉音,和元音替换。//是替代数量最多的喉音，而/↔/得到的最少。分析还揭示了喉部缺失的模式，随着不同的喉音和位置的变化。尽管有错误/偏差，受访者得分的准确度百分比随着年龄的相关性逐渐增加。尾音//以最低精度百分比开始，而//和//以最高开始。
■这些发现阐明了喉获得的发展轨迹，丰富了我们对儿童不断发展的感知和生产能力的理解。他们提供了对约旦阿拉伯语儿童的喉音产生模式的宝贵见解，为进一步研究和制定有针对性的评估和干预策略奠定基础，以支持该人群的语音发展。
■一种衔接测试旨在涉及两个任务：图片命名和重复。测试包括54个单词的图片命名和18个单词的重复，代表目标喉音的所有可能位置。样本是从40名通常发育中的安玛尼-约旦阿拉伯语单语儿童中收集的，住在安曼,乔丹。受访者平均分为八个与年龄相关的轨迹：2-2;6，2;6-3，3-3;6，3;6-4，4-4;6，4;6-5，5-5;6和5;6-6（岁；月）。没有有听力史的孩子，演讲,或包括视力障碍。使用生产精度分析数据，其中生产的三个发展轨迹(习惯，收购,和掌握)是为每个喉部确定的，和错误分析，基于感知判断，提供每个发音错误或删除的喉音细节。
■结果表明/χ/，/
■这些发现阐明了喉获得的发展轨迹，丰富了我们对儿童不断发展的感知和生产能力的理解。他们提供了对约旦阿拉伯语儿童的喉音产生模式的宝贵见解，为进一步研究和制定有针对性的评估和干预策略奠定基础，以支持该人群的语音发展。
