目的:量化30-69岁吸烟者与吸烟相关的经济负担,以及约旦15-69岁的二手吸烟者(SHS)。材料和方法:根据世界卫生组织开发的烟草经济学工具包进行了基于患病率的分析。分析的时间范围为一年(2019年)。直接和间接成本是使用2019年全球疾病负担研究的数据估算的。该分析针对约旦30-69岁的吸烟者,和SHS年龄15-69岁。调整适用于年龄,性别,与吸烟有关的疾病。直接成本是使用吸烟归因分数(SAF)和国家卫生支出估算的。间接成本分为发病率和死亡率部分。在对未来的经济损失进行建模时,假定折现率为3.0%,年生产率增长率为1.0%。对这项研究中使用的数据的下限和上限进行了敏感性分析。结果:吸烟和SHS暴露的成本估计为21.08亿美元(95%置信区间[CI]=20.03亿美元-22.45亿美元)。这占国内生产总值(GDP)的4.7%(95CI=4.5%-5.0%)。直接成本占全国GDP的3.1%。吸烟占总成本的85.0%,SHS暴露占总成本的15.0%。直接成本占总成本的67.0%,而间接发病率和死亡率费用占总费用的9.0%和24.0%,分别。非传染性疾病占总直接费用的96.0%,而传染性疾病占总直接费用的4.0%。结论:戒烟干预措施,如提高卷烟税,保护人们免受烟草烟雾的侵害,警告标签,普通包装,并禁止广告,对于控制国家治疗吸烟相关疾病的支出和避免未来的经济损失至关重要。
在这项工作中,我们的目标是计算2019年约旦吸烟的年度经济影响。我们使用世界卫生组织的工具包方法来估计全国范围内与吸烟相关的直接和间接成本。我们的重点是30-69岁的约旦吸烟者和15-69岁的二手烟暴露者。直接费用是使用流行病学数据计算的,该数据涉及可归因于吸烟的卫生支出比例和国家卫生支出。间接成本分为两部分:发病率和死亡率。我们还预测了未来的经济损失,假设3.0%的贴现率和1.0%的生产率年增长率。我们的研究估计,吸烟和接触二手烟的成本为21.08亿美元(20.03亿美元-22.45亿美元),占约旦国内生产总值的4.7%(4.5%-5.0%)。大部分费用(85.0%)是由于直接吸烟,而15.0%是由于暴露于二手烟。直接成本占总成本的67.0%,而与发病率和死亡率相关的费用占总费用的9.0%和24.0%,分别。总之,我们的研究强调吸烟对约旦有显著的经济影响.因此,实施有效的戒烟计划至关重要,例如执行现有的反烟草政策和提高税收。这些措施可以帮助控制国家治疗吸烟相关疾病的支出,防止未来的经济损失。
UNASSIGNED: To quantify the economic burden associated with tobacco smoking among smokers aged 30-69 years, and second-hand smokers (SHS) aged 15-69 years in
Jordan.
UNASSIGNED: A prevalence-based analysis was conducted in alignment with the Economics of Tobacco Toolkit developed by the WHO. The time-horizon of the analysis was one year (2019). Direct and indirect costs were estimated using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases study. The analysis targeted the Jordanian population of smokers aged 30-69 years, and SHS aged 15-69 years. Adjustments were applied for age, gender, and smoking-related diseases. Direct costs were estimated using the smoking-attributable fraction (SAF) and national health expenditures. Indirect costs were divided into morbidity and mortality components. A discount rate of 3.0% and an annual productivity growth rate of 1.0% were assumed in modelling future economic losses. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the lower and upper estimates of data used in this study.
UNASSIGNED: The cost of tobacco smoking and SHS exposure was estimated at US$2,108 million (95% confidence interval [CI] = US$2,003 million-US$2,245 million). This represents 4.7% (95%CI = 4.5%-5.0%) of national gross domestic product (GDP). Direct costs accounted for 3.1% of national GDP. Tobacco smoking accounted for 85.0% of total cost and SHS exposure accounted for 15.0% of total cost. Direct costs accounted for 67.0% of total cost, while indirect morbidity and mortality costs accounted for 9.0% and 24.0% of total cost, respectively. Non-communicable diseases accounted for 96.0% of total direct costs compared to communicable diseases (4.0% of total direct costs).
UNASSIGNED: Smoking cessation interventions such as raising taxes on cigarettes, protecting people from tobacco smoke, warning labels, plain packaging, and bans on advertising, are crucial for controlling national expenditures for treating smoking-related diseases and for averting future economic losses.
In this work, we aimed to calculate the annual economic impact of tobacco smoking in
Jordan in 2019. We used the World Health Organization toolkit methodology to estimate both the direct and indirect costs associated with smoking nationally. Our focus was on Jordanian smokers aged 30-69 years and people exposed to second-hand smoke aged 15–69 years. Direct costs were calculated using epidemiological data on the proportion of health expenditures attributable to smoking and the national health expenditures. Indirect costs were divided into two components: morbidity and mortality. We also projected future economic losses, assuming a 3.0% discount rate and a 1.0% annual growth rate of productivity. Our study estimated that the cost of smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke was US$2,108 million (US$2,003 million-US$2,245 million), which accounted for 4.7% (4.5%-5.0) of Jordan’s gross domestic product. The majority of the cost (85.0%) was due to direct smoking, while 15.0% was due to exposure to second-hand smoke. Direct costs made up 67.0% of the total cost, while the costs related to morbidity and mortality accounted for 9.0% and 24.0% of the total cost, respectively. In conclusion, our study emphasized that tobacco smoking has a significant economic impact on
Jordan. Therefore, it is crucial to implement effective smoking cessation programs, such as enforcing existing anti-tobacco policies and raising taxes. These measures can help control national expenditures for treating smoking-related diseases and prevent future economic losses.