Abstract：
Accurate predictions and the processing of prediction error signals can be important for efficient interaction with the auditory environment. In a reanalysis of data from Simal et al . (2021), who found that informative tones elicited increased N1 and P2 event-related potential components, we sought to identify electrophysiological indicators in the time-frequency domain associated with disambiguation of the hearing context and prediction of forthcoming stimulation. Participants heard two isochronous sequences of pure tones separated by a silent retention interval. A sequence could contain one, three, or five tones. Fifteen participants heard the three load conditions randomly intermixed. In this case, when sequence length was unknown, the second and fourth tone during encoding contained information allowing the prediction of another tone. Other participants heard the sequences blocked by sequence length, and the second and fourth tone of the sequences provided no new information (and hence were not informative). We used wavelet analysis and Hilbert transform methods to analyse the oscillatory activity related to tone informativeness. We found a significant increase in theta (4-7 Hz) amplitude following a tone that was informative and allowed prediction, in comparison with a tone that carried no predictive information. Previous work suggests increased theta amplitude is linked with task switching and an increase in cognitive control. We suggest informative tones recruit higher-level control processes involved in prediction of upcoming auditory events.
摘要：
准确的预测和预测误差信号的处理对于与听觉环境的有效交互可能是重要的。在对Simal等人的数据的重新分析中。(2021),他发现信息音调引起N1和P2事件相关的潜在成分增加，我们试图在时间-频率域中确定与听力背景的歧义消除和即将到来的刺激的预测相关的电生理指标.参与者听到了两个由无声保留间隔分隔的纯音同步序列。一个序列可以包含一个，三,或五个音调。15名参与者听到了三种随机混合的负载条件。在这种情况下,当序列长度未知时，编码期间的第二和第四音调包含允许预测另一音调的信息。其他参与者听到序列被序列长度阻挡，序列的第二个和第四个音调没有提供新的信息（因此没有提供信息）。我们使用小波分析和希尔伯特变换方法来分析与音调信息相关的振荡活动。我们发现，在提供信息并允许预测的音调之后，θ（4-7Hz）振幅显着增加，与没有预测性信息的语气相比。先前的工作表明，θ幅度的增加与任务切换和认知控制的增加有关。我们建议提供信息的音调会招募更高级别的控制过程，以预测即将发生的听觉事件。
