Abstract：
This study examined the influence of growth temperature and dopant concentration on the properties of Gd- and Ni-doped zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs). ZnO seed layers were deposited on glass substrates using a sol-gel and dip-coating approach. Gd- and Ni-doped ZnO NRs were hydrothermally grown on the seed layers at different temperatures such as 75, 90, and 105°C for a constant growth time of 5 h. The crystal structure, optical, surface morphology views, and electrical properties of the NRs were extensively investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, and four probe experimental methods. The XRD analysis confirmed the successful substitution of Zn2+ ions by Gd3+ and Ni2+ within the ZnO main matrices. The reordering of hexagonal structures with varied electronegativity, ionic radius dimensions, and valence electron states of Gd and Ni dopants affected seriously the fundamental characteristic features of NRs. The SEM images showed that the ZnO NRs grown at 90°C possessed a more favorable surface morphology and well-defined hexagonal shape compared with those grown at other growth temperatures. Higher dopant concentration led to an increase in NR diameter but a decrease in density depending on the increase in the space between the NRs. Additionally, the optical transmittance was found to generally enhance with increasing dopant concentration. The results obtained highlighted the interplay between growth temperature, dopant type and concentration in tailoring the structural, morphological, and optical properties of Gd- and Ni-doped ZnO NRs, paving the way for the development of optimized nanomaterials for various applications. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The XRD analysis confirmed the successful substitution of Zn2+ ions by Gd3+ and Ni2+ within the ZnO main matrices. The SEM images showed that the ZnO NRs grown at 90°C possessed a more favorable surface morphology and well-defined hexagonal shape compared with those grown at other growth temperatures. The optical transmittance was found to generally enhance with increasing dopant concentration. The results obtained highlighted the interplay between growth temperature, dopant type and concentration in tailoring the structural, morphological, and optical properties of Gd- and Ni-doped ZnO NRs, paving the way for the development of optimized nanomaterials for various applications.
摘要：
这项研究考察了生长温度和掺杂剂浓度对Gd和Ni掺杂的氧化锌纳米棒（ZnONRs）性能的影响。使用溶胶-凝胶和浸涂方法将ZnO晶种层沉积在玻璃基板上。Gd和Ni掺杂的ZnONRs在种子层上在不同温度（例如75、90和105°C）水热生长，恒定生长时间为5小时。光学，表面形态视图,通过X射线衍射(XRD)对NRs的电性能进行了广泛的研究，扫描电子显微镜（SEM），紫外可见光谱，和四种探针实验方法。XRD分析证实了ZnO主基体中的Gd3和Ni2离子成功地取代了Zn2离子。具有不同电负性的六边形结构的重新排序，离子半径尺寸，Gd和Ni掺杂剂的价电子态严重影响了NRs的基本特征。SEM图像表明，与在其他生长温度下生长的ZnONRs相比，在90°C下生长的ZnONRs具有更有利的表面形态和明确的六边形形状。较高的掺杂剂浓度导致NR直径增加，但密度降低取决于NR之间空间的增加。此外,发现光学透射率通常随着掺杂剂浓度的增加而增强。获得的结果强调了生长温度之间的相互作用，在调整结构时的掺杂剂类型和浓度，形态学,Gd和Ni掺杂的ZnONRs的光学性质，为开发各种应用的优化纳米材料铺平了道路。研究重点:XRD分析证实了ZnO主基体中Zn2+离子被Gd3+和Ni2+成功取代。SEM图像表明，与在其他生长温度下生长的ZnONRs相比，在90°C下生长的ZnONRs具有更有利的表面形态和明确的六边形形状。发现光学透射率通常随着掺杂剂浓度的增加而增强。获得的结果强调了生长温度之间的相互作用，在调整结构时的掺杂剂类型和浓度，形态学,Gd和Ni掺杂的ZnONRs的光学性质，为开发各种应用的优化纳米材料铺平了道路。
