PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Diets omitting whole food groups pose a risk for micronutrient insufficiencies, but there are no data as to whether those are suitably attenuated with dietary supplements (DS). Micronutrient intakes with food and DSs were analyzed in 130 healthy adults: 32 vegans, 37 vegetarians, 24 following low-carbohydrate high-fat diet (LCHF), and 37 omnivores. A total of 63% used DS (84% of vegans, 75% of LCHF, 54% of vegetarians, and 46% of omnivores); however, a DS did not always tackle dietary insufficiencies. Vitamin B12 was often supplemented in vegans in doses substantially higher than recommended, but it was supplemented less often in vegetarians, despite the low prevalence of sufficient intake. Only 43% of participants supplemented vitamin D in wintertime, 23% of them with an insufficient dose. Supplementation of potassium, calcium, and iodine was rare, despite low intake adequacy with food alone in all groups. Some micronutrients were supplemented unnecessarily, such as vitamin K, riboflavin, biotin, and iron. Multimicronutrient DSs were used often; they increased intake adequacy of group B vitamins but failed to sufficiently supplement vitamin D, potassium, calcium, and iodine. Although DS use increased micronutrient intake sufficiency when used properly, the knowledge on micronutrient inadequacy in all dietary patterns should be increased and the public should be educated on the proper use of DSs. Multimicronutrient DSs should be reformulated to tackle the insufficiencies.
摘要：
饮食忽略整个食物组会带来微量营养素不足的风险，但没有关于这些是否适合用膳食补充剂(DS)减毒的数据。在130名健康成年人中分析了食物和DS的微量营养素摄入量：32名素食主义者，37名素食者，24遵循低碳水化合物高脂肪饮食（LCHF），和37个杂食动物。共有63%的人使用DS(84%的素食者，75%的LCHF,54%的素食者和46%的杂食动物)；然而，aDS并不总能解决饮食不足问题。维生素B12经常在素食者中补充，剂量大大高于推荐剂量，但在素食者中补充的频率较低，尽管足够摄入量的患病率较低。只有43%的参与者在冬季补充维生素D，其中23％的剂量不足。补充钾，钙，碘是罕见的，尽管在所有组中单独摄入食物的摄入量都很低。一些微量营养素得到了不必要的补充，如维生素K，核黄素,生物素,和铁。经常使用多种营养素DSs；它们增加了B族维生素的摄入量，但未能充分补充维生素D，钾，钙，和碘。虽然DS使用增加了微量营养素的摄入量，如果使用得当，应增加对所有膳食模式中微量营养素不足的认识，并应教育公众正确使用DSs。应重新制定多种营养素DSs以解决不足。
