背景:素食和纯素饮食的普及与各种动机有关,比如健康,伦理,生态学,社会和宗教影响。印度的素食主义者和素食主义者比例最高。这些饮食的实践与道德和健康原因以及环境问题有关。素食主义也可能与饮食失调有关,例如正食症(ON)。
目的:本研究的主要目的是确定素食的社会心理方面。了解这些方面对于识别潜在风险和制定有效的干预措施至关重要。这项研究调查了遵循素食的原因,饮食依从性的持续时间,在选定的情况下出现限制感,以及矫正性厌食症和其他饮食失调的风险。
方法:在2023年10月至2024年4月期间,对186名个体(82名素食者和104名传统节食者)进行了问卷调查。该调查是通过使用GoogleForms的计算机辅助网络访谈(CAWI)进行的,通过社交媒体传播,论坛,和私人信息。研究组的纳入标准包括同意,18岁以上,素食,不包括饮食失调或需要严格饮食疗法的疾病。对照组标准相似,不包括素食者和需要特殊饮食的人。四个不可靠的问卷被排除在分析之外。调查包括四个部分:度量数据,ORTO-15问卷,EAT-26问卷,和TFEQ-13问卷。
结果:遵循素食的主要动机是道德和环境(86.9%)和健康(32.1%)原因。超过一半的素食者已经遵循植物性饮食超过五年。素食者在餐馆和杂货店购物时更有可能感到受到限制。ORTO-15结果表明,素食者患正食的风险较高(48.8%vs.对照组为29.4%;p=0.00673)。EAT-26问卷显示,但没有统计学意义,素食者饮食失调的风险(23.8%vs.14.7%;p=0.11391)。TFEQ-13在各组之间没有显着差异(子量表1:食物限制,p=0.77279;分量表2:暴饮暴食缺乏控制,p=0.91935;子量表3:在情绪影响下进食,p=0.16612)。
结论:这项研究得出的结论是,道德和环境因素以及对健康益处的信念主要驱动素食者。对BMI的分析显示两组之间没有显着差异。ORTO-15结果表明,素食者患正食症的风险更高。EAT-26显示更高,但没有统计学意义,素食者和素食者饮食失调的风险。TFEQ-13在限制性进食方面没有显着差异,暴饮暴食缺乏控制,情绪化的饮食。素食者更有可能在餐馆和购物中遇到饮食困难,但不太可能感到被社会排斥。
BACKGROUND: The popularity of vegetarian and vegan diets is linked to various motivations, such as health, ethics, ecology, and social and religious influence. India has the highest proportion of vegetarians and vegans. The practise of these diets is linked to moral and health reasons and environmental concerns. Vegetarianism may also be associated with eating disorders such as orthorexia (ON).
OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to determine the psychosocial aspects of vegetarian diets. Understanding these aspects is crucial for identifying potential risks and developing effective interventions. This study investigated the reasons for following vegetarian diets, the duration of dietary adherence, the occurrence of feelings of restriction in selected situations, and the risk of orthorexia and other eating disorders.
METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 186 individuals (82 vegetarians and 104 traditional dieters) between October 2023 and April 2024. The survey was administered via a Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) using Google Forms, distributed through social media, forums, and private messages. The inclusion criteria for the study group included consent, an age over 18, and a vegetarian diet, excluding those with eating disorders or diseases requiring strict diet therapy. The control group criteria were similar, excluding vegetarians and those requiring special diets. Four unreliable questionnaires were excluded from the analysis. The survey consisted of four sections: metric data, the ORTO-15 questionnaire, the EAT-26 questionnaire, and the TFEQ-13 questionnaire.
RESULTS: The main motivations for following vegetarian diets were ethical and environmental (86.9%) and health (32.1%) reasons. Over half of the vegetarians had been following a plant-based diet for over five years. Vegetarians were more likely to feel restricted in restaurants and when grocery shopping. The ORTO-15 results indicate a higher risk of orthorexia among vegetarians (48.8% vs. 29.4% in the control group; p = 0.00673). The EAT-26 questionnaire showed a higher, but not statistically significant, risk of eating disorders among vegetarians (23.8% vs. 14.7%; p = 0.11391). The TFEQ-13 showed no significant differences between groups (Subscale 1: food restriction, p = 0.77279; Subscale 2: lack of control in overeating, p = 0.91935; Subscale 3: eating under the influence of emotions, p = 0.16612).
CONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that ethical and environmental considerations and a belief in health benefits mainly drive vegetarians. An analysis of BMI revealed no significant differences between groups. The ORTO-15 results suggest a higher risk of orthorexia among vegetarians. The EAT-26 indicated a higher, but not statistically significant, risk of eating disorders among vegetarians and vegans. The TFEQ-13 showed no significant differences in restrictive eating, lack of control in overeating, and emotional eating. Vegetarians were likelier to encounter dietary difficulties in restaurants and shopping but less likely to feel socially excluded.