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Abstract：
An appropriate flowering period is an important selection criterion in maize breeding. It plays a crucial role in the ecological adaptability of maize varieties. To explore the genetic basis of flowering time, GWAS and GS analyses were conducted using an associating panel consisting of 379 multi-parent DH lines. The DH population was phenotyped for days to tasseling (DTT), days to pollen-shedding (DTP), and days to silking (DTS) in different environments. The heritability was 82.75%, 86.09%, and 85.26% for DTT, DTP, and DTS, respectively. The GWAS analysis with the FarmCPU model identified 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed on chromosomes 3, 8, 9, and 10 that were significantly associated with flowering time-related traits. The GWAS analysis with the BLINK model identified seven SNPs distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, 8, 9, and 10 that were significantly associated with flowering time-related traits. Three SNPs 3_198946071, 9_146646966, and 9_152140631 showed a pleiotropic effect, indicating a significant genetic correlation between DTT, DTP, and DTS. A total of 24 candidate genes were detected. A relatively high prediction accuracy was achieved with 100 significantly associated SNPs detected from GWAS, and the optimal training population size was 70%. This study provides a better understanding of the genetic architecture of flowering time-related traits and provides an optimal strategy for GS.
摘要：
适当的开花期是玉米育种的重要选择标准。它对玉米品种的生态适应性起着至关重要的作用。探讨开花时间的遗传基础,使用由379个多亲本DH系组成的关联组进行GWAS和GS分析。DH群体进行了几天的表型分析，以进行抽穗（DTT），花粉脱落天数(DTP)，以及在不同环境中的天数（DTS）。遗传力为82.75%,86.09%,DTT为85.26%，DTP,和DTS,分别。使用FarmCPU模型的GWAS分析确定了分布在3、8、9和10号染色体上的10个单核苷酸多态性（SNP），这些多态性与开花时间相关的性状显着相关。BLINK模型的GWAS分析鉴定了分布在染色体1、3、8、9和10上的7个SNP，这些SNP与开花时间相关的性状显着相关。三个SNPs3_198946071、9_146646966和9_152140631显示多效效应,表明DTT之间存在显著的遗传相关性，DTP,和DTS。共检测到24个候选基因。从GWAS检测到100个显著相关的SNP，实现了相对较高的预测精度，最佳培训人口规模为70%。这项研究为更好地理解开花时间相关性状的遗传结构，并为GS提供了最佳策略。
