Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: In this study, the antifungal efficacy and phytotoxicity of silica coated porous zinc oxide nanoparticle (SZNP) were analyzed as this nanocomposite was observed to be a suitable platform for slow release fungicides and has the promise to bring down the dosage of other agrochemicals as well.
RESULTS: Loading and release kinetics of tricyclazole, a potent fungicide, were analyzed by measuring surface area (SBET) using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively. The antifungal efficacy of ZnO nanoparticle (ZNP) and SZNP was investigated on two phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria solani and Aspergillus niger). The morphological changes to the fungal structure due to ZNP and SZNP treatment were studied by field emission-scanning electron microscopy. Nanoparticle mediated elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fungal samples was detected by analyzing the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, thiol content, lipid peroxidation, and by 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay. The phytotoxicity of these two nanostructures was assessed in rice plants by measuring primary plant growth parameters. Further, the translocation of the nanocomposite in the same plant model system was examined by checking the presence of fluorescein isothiocyanate tagged SZNP within the plant tissue.
CONCLUSIONS: ZNP had superior antifungal efficacy than SZNP and caused the generation of more ROS in the fungal samples. Even then, SZNP was preferred as an agrochemical delivery vehicle because, unlike ZNP alone, it was not toxic to plant system. Moreover, as silica in nanoform is entomotoxic in nature and nano ZnO has antifungal property, both the cargo (agrochemical) and the carrier system (silica coated porous nano zinc oxide) will have a synergistic effect in crop protection.
RESULTS: Loading and release kinetics of tricyclazole, a potent fungicide, were analyzed by measuring surface area (SBET) using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively. The antifungal efficacy of ZnO nanoparticle (ZNP) and SZNP was investigated on two phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria solani and Aspergillus niger). The morphological changes to the fungal structure due to ZNP and SZNP treatment were studied by field emission-scanning electron microscopy. Nanoparticle mediated elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fungal samples was detected by analyzing the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, thiol content, lipid peroxidation, and by 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay. The phytotoxicity of these two nanostructures was assessed in rice plants by measuring primary plant growth parameters. Further, the translocation of the nanocomposite in the same plant model system was examined by checking the presence of fluorescein isothiocyanate tagged SZNP within the plant tissue.
CONCLUSIONS: ZNP had superior antifungal efficacy than SZNP and caused the generation of more ROS in the fungal samples. Even then, SZNP was preferred as an agrochemical delivery vehicle because, unlike ZNP alone, it was not toxic to plant system. Moreover, as silica in nanoform is entomotoxic in nature and nano ZnO has antifungal property, both the cargo (agrochemical) and the carrier system (silica coated porous nano zinc oxide) will have a synergistic effect in crop protection.
摘要：
目的：在这项研究中，分析了二氧化硅包覆的多孔氧化锌纳米颗粒（SZNP）的抗真菌功效和植物毒性，因为观察到这种纳米复合材料是缓释杀菌剂的合适平台，并且有望降低其他农用化学品的剂量。
结果：三环唑的负载和释放动力学，通过分别使用Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）等温线和LC-MS/MS测量表面积（SBET）来分析有效的杀真菌剂。研究了ZnO纳米颗粒（ZNP）和SZNP对两种植物病原真菌（茄子链格孢菌和黑曲霉）的抗真菌功效。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）研究了ZNP和SZNP处理引起的真菌结构的形态变化。通过分析超氧化物歧化酶的水平检测纳米颗粒介导的真菌样品中活性氧的升高,过氧化氢酶,硫醇含量，脂质过氧化和2,7-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯（DCFH-DA）测定。通过测量初级植物生长参数在水稻植物中评估这两种纳米结构的植物毒性。Further,通过检查植物组织中异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记的SZNP的存在来检查纳米复合材料在相同植物模型系统中的易位。
结论：ZNP具有优于SZNP的抗真菌功效，并导致真菌样品中产生更多的活性氧（ROS）。即使如此，SZNP还是首选的农用化学品输送载体，因为与单独的ZNP不同，它对植物系统没有毒性。此外，由于纳米形式的二氧化硅在自然界中具有昆虫毒性，纳米ZnO具有抗真菌性能，货物（农用化学品）和载体系统（二氧化硅包覆的多孔纳米氧化锌）在作物保护中将具有协同作用。
结果：三环唑的负载和释放动力学，通过分别使用Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）等温线和LC-MS/MS测量表面积（SBET）来分析有效的杀真菌剂。研究了ZnO纳米颗粒（ZNP）和SZNP对两种植物病原真菌（茄子链格孢菌和黑曲霉）的抗真菌功效。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）研究了ZNP和SZNP处理引起的真菌结构的形态变化。通过分析超氧化物歧化酶的水平检测纳米颗粒介导的真菌样品中活性氧的升高,过氧化氢酶,硫醇含量，脂质过氧化和2,7-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯（DCFH-DA）测定。通过测量初级植物生长参数在水稻植物中评估这两种纳米结构的植物毒性。Further,通过检查植物组织中异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记的SZNP的存在来检查纳米复合材料在相同植物模型系统中的易位。
结论：ZNP具有优于SZNP的抗真菌功效，并导致真菌样品中产生更多的活性氧（ROS）。即使如此，SZNP还是首选的农用化学品输送载体，因为与单独的ZNP不同，它对植物系统没有毒性。此外，由于纳米形式的二氧化硅在自然界中具有昆虫毒性，纳米ZnO具有抗真菌性能，货物（农用化学品）和载体系统（二氧化硅包覆的多孔纳米氧化锌）在作物保护中将具有协同作用。
