PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Despite the critical importance of virus disinfection by chlorine, our fundamental understanding of the relative susceptibility of different viruses to chlorine and robust quantitative relationships between virus disinfection rate constants and environmental parameters remains limited. We conducted a systematic review of virus inactivation by free chlorine and used the resulting data set to develop a linear mixed model that estimates chlorine inactivation rate constants for viruses based on experimental conditions. 570 data points were collected in our systematic review, representing 82 viruses over a broad range of environmental conditions. The harmonized inactivation rate constants under reference conditions (pH = 7.53, T = 20 °C, [Cl-] < 50 mM) spanned 5 orders of magnitude, ranging from 0.0196 to 1150 L mg-1 min-1, and uncovered important trends between viruses. Whereas common surrogate bacteriophage MS2 does not serve as a conservative chlorine disinfection surrogate for many human viruses, CVB5 was one of the most resistant viruses in the data set. The model quantifies the role of pH, temperature, and chloride levels across viruses, and an online tool allows users to estimate rate constants for viruses and conditions of interest. Results from the model identified potential shortcomings in current U.S. EPA drinking water disinfection requirements.
摘要：
尽管氯消毒病毒至关重要，我们对不同病毒对氯的相对敏感性以及病毒消毒速率常数与环境参数之间牢固的定量关系的基本理解仍然有限。我们对游离氯的病毒灭活进行了系统的审查，并使用所得数据集开发了线性混合模型，该模型根据实验条件估算了病毒的氯灭活速率常数。在我们的系统评价中收集了570个数据点，在广泛的环境条件下代表82种病毒。在参考条件（pH=7.53，T=20°C，[Cl-]<50mM)跨越4个数量级，范围从0.0196到1150Lmg-1min-1，并揭示了病毒之间的重要趋势。而普通的替代噬菌体MS2并不能作为许多人类病毒的保守氯消毒替代品，CVB5是数据集中最具抗性的病毒之一。该模型量化了pH的作用，温度,和氯化物在病毒中的水平，和在线工具允许用户估计病毒和感兴趣的条件的速率常数。该模型的结果确定了当前美国EPA饮用水消毒要求中的潜在缺点。
