PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Developing functional organs from stem cells remains a challenging goal in regenerative medicine. Existing methodologies, such as tissue engineering, bioprinting, and organoids, only offer partial solutions. This perspective focuses on two promising approaches emerging for engineering human organs from stem cells: stem cell-based embryo models and interspecies organogenesis. Both approaches exploit the premise of guiding stem cells to mimic natural development. We begin by summarizing what is known about early human development as a blueprint for recapitulating organogenesis in both embryo models and interspecies chimeras. The latest advances in both fields are discussed before highlighting the technological and knowledge gaps to be addressed before the goal of developing human organs could be achieved using the two approaches. We conclude by discussing challenges facing embryo modeling and interspecies organogenesis and outlining future prospects for advancing both fields toward the generation of human tissues and organs for basic research and translational applications.
摘要：
从干细胞开发功能器官仍然是再生医学中具有挑战性的目标。现有方法，比如组织工程，生物打印,和类器官，只提供部分解决方案。这种观点集中在从干细胞改造人体器官的两种有希望的方法：基于干细胞的胚胎模型和种间器官发生。两种方法都利用了引导干细胞模拟自然发育的前提。首先，我们总结了有关早期人类发育的知识，作为概述胚胎模型和种间嵌合体中器官发生的蓝图。讨论了这两个领域的最新进展，然后强调了在使用这两种方法实现开发人体器官的目标之前需要解决的技术和知识差距。最后，我们讨论了胚胎建模和种间器官发生所面临的挑战，并概述了将这两个领域推向基础研究和转化应用的人类组织和器官生成的未来前景。
