Abstract：
The intensive global use of pesticides presents an escalating threat to human health, ecosystems, and water quality. To develop national and local environmental management strategies for mitigating pollution caused by pesticides, it is essential to understand the quantities, timing, and location of their application. This study aims to estimate the spatial distribution of pesticide use in an agricultural region of La Plata River basin in Uruguay. Estimates of pesticide use were made by surveying doses applied to each crop. This information was spatialized through identifying agricultural rotations using remote sensing techniques. The study identified the 60 major agricultural rotations in the region and mapped the use and application amount of the nine most significant active ingredients (glyphosate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, flumioxazin, S-metolachlor, clethodim, flumetsulam, triflumuron, chlorantraniliprole, and fipronil). The results reveal that glyphosate is the most extensively used pesticide (53.5% of the area) and highest amount of use (> 1.44 kg/ha). Moreover, in 19% of the area, at least seven active ingredients are applied in crop rotations. This study marks the initial step in identifying rotations and estimating pesticide applications with high spatial resolution at a regional scale in agricultural regions of La Plata River basin. The results improve the understanding of pesticide spatial distribution based on data obtained from agronomists, technicians, and producers and provide a replicable methodological approach for other geographic and productive contexts. Generating baseline information is key to environmental management and decision making, towards the design of more robust monitoring systems and human exposure assessment.
摘要：
农药的全球密集使用对人类健康的威胁不断升级，生态系统,和水质。制定国家和地方环境管理战略，以减轻农药造成的污染，了解数量至关重要，定时,和他们的应用程序的位置。本研究旨在估算乌拉圭拉普拉塔河流域农业区农药使用的空间分布。通过调查每种作物的剂量来估算农药的使用。通过使用遥感技术识别农业旋转，将这些信息进行了空间化。该研究确定了该地区的60个主要农业轮作，并绘制了九种最重要的活性成分（草甘膦，2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸,氟米沙嗪,S-异丙甲草胺,celthodim,氟米舒兰,氟木隆,chloantraniliprole,和氟虫腈）。结果表明，草甘膦是最广泛使用的农药（面积的53.5％）和最高的使用量（>1.44kg/ha）。此外，在19%的地区，至少七种活性成分应用于作物轮作。这项研究标志着在拉普拉塔河流域农业地区确定旋转和估算具有高空间分辨率的农药应用的第一步。根据从农学家那里获得的数据，结果提高了对农药空间分布的理解，技术人员,和生产者，并为其他地理和生产环境提供可复制的方法论方法。生成基线信息是环境管理和决策的关键，以设计更强大的监测系统和人体暴露评估。
