Abstract：
Mental fatigue has been highly cited as having a negative impact on endurance performance. Few, however, have investigated whether different types of mental fatigue, namely active and passive fatigue, might affect endurance performance differently. This study used a repeated-measures design where 11 participants completed a 3 km run after three 32-min conditions: an actively fatiguing task (Task-load Dual-back; TloadDback); a passively fatiguing task (Mackworth Clock); and a control task (Documentary). Subjective ratings and performance on a second task (Flanker task) were taken before and after the 32-min tasks, while ratings of perceived effort, motivation and workload were taken during the 3 km run. Results showed that both fatigue conditions were mentally fatiguing, with the TloadDback rated as more demanding and the Mackworth Clock more boring and less motivating. Performance on subsequent tasks showed different effects: the TloadDback condition had the slowest responses on the post-test Flanker task, while the Mackworth Clock condition had the slowest completion time on the 3 km run, though this difference in completion times was non-significant. These results suggest that different cognitive tasks lead to different types of mental fatigue, which can lead to different outcomes on subsequent cognitive tasks but non-significant differences on subsequent physical tasks. This study highlights that to understand the influence of mental fatigue on physical performance, it is important to understand the cognitive tasks used and how different cognitive and physical tasks interact. Future work should examine whether performance outcomes in other areas commonly affected by mental fatigue, like technical and tactical sporting skills, are affected differently by active and passive fatigue.
摘要：
精神疲劳被高度引用为对耐力表现具有负面影响。很少，然而,调查了不同类型的精神疲劳，即主动疲劳和被动疲劳，可能会对耐力表现产生不同的影响。这项研究使用了重复测量设计，其中11名参与者在三个32分钟的条件下完成了3公里的跑步：主动疲劳任务（任务负载双背；TloadDback）；被动疲劳任务（MackworthClock）；和控制任务（纪录片）。在32分钟的任务之前和之后，对第二个任务（Flanker任务）进行了主观评分和表现，虽然对感知努力的评级，在3公里的跑步中采取了动机和工作量。结果表明，两种疲劳状况都是精神疲劳，TloadDeback被评为要求更高，Mackworth时钟更无聊，更少激励。后续任务的性能表现出不同的影响：TloadDback条件对测试后Flanker任务的响应最慢，虽然Mackworth时钟条件在3公里的跑步中完成时间最慢，尽管完成时间的这种差异并不显着。这些结果表明，不同的认知任务导致不同类型的精神疲劳，这可能导致后续认知任务的不同结果，但后续物理任务的差异不显著。这项研究强调，要了解精神疲劳对身体表现的影响，了解所使用的认知任务以及不同的认知和物理任务如何相互作用是很重要的。未来的工作应该检查其他领域的绩效结果是否通常受到精神疲劳的影响，比如技术和战术运动技能，受到主动疲劳和被动疲劳的影响不同。
