Abstract：
Human-released contaminants are often poorly understood wholistically in marine ecosystems. This review examines the sources, pathways, impacts on marine animals, and mitigation strategies of five pollutants (plastics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, bisphenol compounds, ethynylestradiol, and petroleum hydrocarbons). Both abiotic and biotic mechanisms contribute to all five contaminants\' movement. These pollutants cause short- and long-term effects on many biological processes genetically, molecularly, neurologically, physiologically, reproductively, and developmentally. We explore the extension of adverse outcome pathways to ecosystem effects by considering known inter-generational and trophic relations resulting in large-scale direct and indirect impacts. In doing so, we develop an understanding of their roles as environmental stressors in marine environments for targeted mitigation and future work. Ecosystems are interconnected and so international collaboration, standards, measures preceding mass production, and citizen involvement are required to protect and conserve marine life.
摘要：
人类释放的污染物在海洋生态系统中通常鲜为人知。这篇评论检查了来源，通路,对海洋动物的影响，和五种污染物的缓解策略(塑料，全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质，双酚化合物,乙炔雌二醇,和石油碳氢化合物)。非生物和生物机制都有助于所有五种污染物的运动。这些污染物在遗传上对许多生物过程造成短期和长期影响，分子，神经学，生理上,繁殖，和发展。我们通过考虑导致大规模直接和间接影响的已知代际和营养关系，探索不利结果途径对生态系统影响的扩展。在这样做的时候，我们了解它们在海洋环境中作为环境压力源的作用，以便有针对性地缓解和未来的工作。生态系统相互联系，因此国际合作，标准,批量生产前的措施，保护和养护海洋生物需要公民的参与。
