Abstract：
Antibiotics are commonly released into paddy fields as mixtures via human activities. However, the simultaneous extraction and detection of these chemicals from multiple media are technically challenging due to their different physicochemical properties, resulting in unclear patterns of their transport in the soil-rice system. In this study, a \"quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe\" (QuEChERS) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of 4 tetracyclines (TCs) and 4 fluoroquinolones (FQs) in the soil and rice tissues from a local poultry farm, and thereby the distribution patterns of the target antibiotics in the soil-rice system and their risk levels to the soil were analyzed. After parameter optimization, the calibration range used for the target antibiotics was 0.1-50 μg/L and each calibration curve was linear with a coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.995); The QuEChERS method achieved satisfactory recovery rates (70.3-124.6%) along with sensitive detection limits (0.005-0.21 ng/g) for TCs and FQs in the soil, root, stem, leaf, and grain. Among the 8 antibiotics, enrofloxacin (ENX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), oxytetracycline (OTC), and doxycycline (DOX) were detected around a poultry farm. The four antibiotics in the collected paddy soils around the poultry farm ranged from 7.1 ng/g to 395.5 ng/g. Notably, ENX and DOX had higher ecological risks (risk quotient values >1) than CIP and OTC in soil. ENX, CIP, and DOX were highly enriched in rice roots with concentrations up to 471.9, 857.3, and 547.4 ng/g, respectively, which were also detected in rice aboveground tissues. The findings may provide both technical and practical guidance for the understanding of antibiotic environmental behavior and risks.
摘要：
抗生素通常通过人类活动作为混合物释放到稻田中。然而,从多种介质中同时提取和检测这些化学物质由于其不同的物理化学性质而在技术上具有挑战性，导致它们在土壤-水稻系统中的运输模式不清楚。在这项研究中,a\"快，easy,便宜,有效,崎岖,开发了安全的“（QuEChERS）方法，用于同时分析当地家禽养殖场土壤和水稻组织中的4种四环素（TC）和4种氟喹诺酮（FQs），从而分析了目标抗生素在土壤-水稻系统中的分布规律及其对土壤的风险水平。参数优化后,目标抗生素的校准范围为0.1-50μg/L，每个校准曲线与测定系数呈线性关系（R2>0.995）；QuEChERS方法对土壤中的TC和FQ具有令人满意的回收率（70.3-124.6％）以及灵敏的检出限（0.005-0.21ng/g），根,茎,leaf,和谷物。在8种抗生素中，恩诺沙星（ENX），环丙沙星(CIP),土霉素（OTC），在家禽养殖场周围检测到强力霉素（DOX）。家禽养殖场周围收集的稻田土壤中的四种抗生素的范围为7.1ng/g至395.5ng/g。值得注意的是,ENX和DOX在土壤中的生态风险（风险商值>1）高于CIP和OTC。ENX,CIP,和DOX在水稻根中高度富集，浓度高达471.9、857.3和547.4ng/g，分别,在水稻地上组织中也检测到。研究结果可能为了解抗生素的环境行为和风险提供技术和实践指导。
