Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Rates of child removal by child protective services (CPS) in Manitoba are the highest in Canada with a profoundly disproportionate impact on First Nations families. Despite infants constituting the highest proportion of children affected, no research has examined population-level rates of infant contact with CPS.
OBJECTIVE: We examined the incidence of infant contact with different levels of CPS, including termination of parental rights (TPR), according to First Nations status.
METHODS: We identified 217,261 infants (47,416 First Nations; 169,845 non-First Nations) born between 1998 and 2014 in Manitoba, Canada and residing in the province until at least age 5.
METHODS: We used linked administrative data to calculate population-level rates of contact with different levels of CPS by First Nations status, including an open file before age 1, out-of-home placement before age 1, and TPR before age 5.
RESULTS: Overall 35.8 % of First Nations infants had an open file, 8.5 % experienced out-of-home placement, and 5.4 % experienced TPR. Among other infants, 8.5 % had an open file, 1.3 % experienced out-of-home placement and 0.7 % experienced TPR. The rate of early-stage contact increased the fastest among First Nations infants, with a rise of 22.4 % in our study period, compared to a rise of 1.7 % among all other infants.
CONCLUSIONS: CPS contact was exceptionally high among First Nations infants compared to other infants, with early-stage contact accelerating most dramatically over time. Findings support calls to greatly reduce the disruption of system contact in the lives of First Nations families.
OBJECTIVE: We examined the incidence of infant contact with different levels of CPS, including termination of parental rights (TPR), according to First Nations status.
METHODS: We identified 217,261 infants (47,416 First Nations; 169,845 non-First Nations) born between 1998 and 2014 in Manitoba, Canada and residing in the province until at least age 5.
METHODS: We used linked administrative data to calculate population-level rates of contact with different levels of CPS by First Nations status, including an open file before age 1, out-of-home placement before age 1, and TPR before age 5.
RESULTS: Overall 35.8 % of First Nations infants had an open file, 8.5 % experienced out-of-home placement, and 5.4 % experienced TPR. Among other infants, 8.5 % had an open file, 1.3 % experienced out-of-home placement and 0.7 % experienced TPR. The rate of early-stage contact increased the fastest among First Nations infants, with a rise of 22.4 % in our study period, compared to a rise of 1.7 % among all other infants.
CONCLUSIONS: CPS contact was exceptionally high among First Nations infants compared to other infants, with early-stage contact accelerating most dramatically over time. Findings support calls to greatly reduce the disruption of system contact in the lives of First Nations families.
摘要：
背景：马尼托巴省儿童保护服务机构（CPS）的儿童搬走率是加拿大最高的，对原住民家庭产生了极不成比例的影响。尽管婴儿在受影响儿童中所占比例最高，没有研究调查婴儿与CPS接触的人群水平比率.
目的：我们检查了婴儿接触不同程度CPS的发生率，包括终止亲权（TPR），根据第一民族的地位。
方法：我们确定了1998年至2014年在马尼托巴出生的217,261名婴儿（47,416名原住民；169,845名非原住民）。加拿大，居住在该省至少5岁。
方法：我们使用关联的行政数据来计算按原住民身份划分的人口水平与不同CPS的接触率，包括1岁之前的打开文件，1岁之前的户外放置和5岁之前的TPR。
结果：总体上有35.8%的第一民族婴儿有一个开放的文件，8.5%经历过家外安置，5.4%的人经历了TPR。在其他婴儿中，8.5%有一个打开的文件，1.3%经历过家外安置，0.7%经历过TPR。早期接触率在第一民族婴儿中增长最快，在我们的研究期间上升了22.4%，相比之下，所有其他婴儿的增长率为1.7%。
结论：与其他婴儿相比，第一民族婴儿的CPS接触异常高，随着时间的推移，早期接触加速最快。调查结果支持呼吁大大减少第一民族家庭生活中系统联系的中断。
目的：我们检查了婴儿接触不同程度CPS的发生率，包括终止亲权（TPR），根据第一民族的地位。
方法：我们确定了1998年至2014年在马尼托巴出生的217,261名婴儿（47,416名原住民；169,845名非原住民）。加拿大，居住在该省至少5岁。
方法：我们使用关联的行政数据来计算按原住民身份划分的人口水平与不同CPS的接触率，包括1岁之前的打开文件，1岁之前的户外放置和5岁之前的TPR。
结果：总体上有35.8%的第一民族婴儿有一个开放的文件，8.5%经历过家外安置，5.4%的人经历了TPR。在其他婴儿中，8.5%有一个打开的文件，1.3%经历过家外安置，0.7%经历过TPR。早期接触率在第一民族婴儿中增长最快，在我们的研究期间上升了22.4%，相比之下，所有其他婴儿的增长率为1.7%。
结论：与其他婴儿相比，第一民族婴儿的CPS接触异常高，随着时间的推移，早期接触加速最快。调查结果支持呼吁大大减少第一民族家庭生活中系统联系的中断。
