Abstract：
Honey bees preferentially occupy thick walled tall narrow tree cavities and attach their combs directly to the nest wall, leaving periodic gaps. However, academic research and beekeeping are conducted in squat, thin walled man made hives, with a continuous gap between the combs and the walls and roof. Utilising a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of thermoregulating bees in complete nests in trees and thin walled man made hives, with the average size of tree comb gaps determined from honey bee occupied synthetic tree nests, this research compared the metabolic energy impacts of comb gaps and vertical movement of the thermoregulated brood area. This shows their heat transfer regimes are disparate, including: bee space above combs increases heat loss by up to ∼70%; hives, compared to tree nests, require at least 150% the density of honey bees to arrest convection across the brood area. Tree cavities have a larger vertical freedom, a greater thermal resistance and can make dense clustering redundant. With the thermal environment being critical to honey bees, the magnitude and scope of these differences suggest that some hive based behavioural research needs extra validation to be considered non-anthropogenic, and some bee keeping practices are sub-optimal.
摘要：
蜜蜂优先占据厚壁高大狭窄的树洞，并将它们的梳子直接附着在巢壁上，留下周期性的缺口。然而,学术研究和养蜂都是蹲着进行的，薄壁人造蜂巢，梳子和墙壁和屋顶之间有一个连续的间隙。利用计算流体动力学（CFD）模型，在树木和薄壁人造蜂巢的完整巢中调节蜜蜂的温度，根据蜜蜂占据的合成树巢确定的树梳间隙的平均大小，这项研究比较了温度调节的育儿区的梳子间隙和垂直运动对代谢能的影响。这表明它们的传热方式是不同的，包括:梳子上方的蜜蜂空间增加热损失高达70%；蜂箱，与树巢相比，至少需要150％的蜜蜂密度来阻止整个育苗区的对流。树洞有更大的垂直自由度，更大的热阻，可以使密集的集群冗余。由于热环境对蜜蜂至关重要，这些差异的大小和范围表明，一些基于蜂巢的行为研究需要额外的验证才能被认为是非人为的，一些养蜂的做法是次优的。
