Abstract：
To prevent foodborne infections from pigs and cattle, the whole food chain must act to minimize the contamination of products, including biosecurity measures which prevent infections via feed and the environment in production farms. Rodents and other small mammals can be reservoirs of and key vectors for transmitting zoonotic bacteria and viruses to farm animals, through direct contact but more often through environmental contamination. In line with One Health concept, we integrated results from a sampling study of small mammals in farm environments and data from a capture-recapture experiment into a probabilistic model which quantifies the degree of environmental exposure of zoonotic bacteria by small mammals to farm premises. We investigated more than 1200 small mammals trapped in and around 38 swine and cattle farm premises in Finland in 2017/2018. Regardless of the farm type, the most common species caught were the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), and house mouse (Mus musculus). Of 554 intestine samples (each pooled from 1 to 10 individuals), 33% were positive for Campylobacter jejuni. Yersinia enterocolitica was detected in 8% of the pooled samples, on 21/38 farm premises. Findings of Salmonella and the Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) were rare: the pathogens were detected in only single samples from four and six farm premises, respectively. The prevalence of Campylobacter, Salmonella, Yersinia and STEC in small mammal populations was estimated as 26%/13%, 1%/0%, 2%/3%, 1%/1%, respectively, in 2017/2018. The exposure probability within the experimental period of four weeks on farms was 17-60% for Campylobacter and 0-3% for Salmonella. The quantitative model is readily applicable to similar integrative studies. Our results indicate that small mammals increase the risk of exposure to zoonotic bacteria in animal production farms, thus increasing risks also for livestock and human health.
摘要：
预防猪和牛的食源性感染，整个食物链必须采取行动，尽量减少产品的污染，包括防止通过饲料和生产农场环境感染的生物安全措施。啮齿动物和其他小型哺乳动物可能是向农场动物传播人畜共患细菌和病毒的宿主和关键载体，通过直接接触，但更经常通过环境污染。符合一个健康的概念，我们将农场环境中小型哺乳动物的抽样研究结果和捕获-再捕获实验的数据整合到一个概率模型中，该模型量化了小型哺乳动物对农场场所的人畜共患细菌的环境暴露程度。我们在2017/2018年调查了芬兰38个猪和牛养殖场及其周围的1200多种小型哺乳动物。不管农场类型如何,捕获的最常见的物种是黄颈小鼠（Apodemusflavicollis），银行田鼠(Clethrionomysglareolus)，和家鼠（Musmusculus）。在554个肠道样本中（每个样本来自1到10个个体），33％的空肠弯曲菌阳性。8％的合并样本中检测到小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌，在21/38农场场所。沙门氏菌和产志贺毒素的大肠杆菌（STEC）的发现很少见：仅在来自四个和六个农场的单个样本中检测到病原体，分别。弯曲杆菌的流行，沙门氏菌,小哺乳动物种群中的耶尔森氏菌和STEC估计为26％/13％，1%/0%,2%/3%，1%/1%,分别,在2017/2018。在农场的四个星期的实验期内，弯曲杆菌的暴露概率为17-60％，沙门氏菌的暴露概率为0-3％。定量模型很容易适用于类似的综合研究。我们的结果表明，小型哺乳动物会增加动物生产农场中接触人畜共患病细菌的风险，因此也增加了牲畜和人类健康的风险。
