背景:城市地区是独特的生态系统,与自然生态系统相比,物种丰度和组成差异明显。这些差异会影响病原体传播动态,从而改变人畜共患病原体的流行和多样性。在这项研究中,我们从荷兰自然和城市地区的小型哺乳动物中筛选了多达19种人畜共患病原体,包括病毒,细菌,和原生动物寄生虫.材料和方法:总计,捕获了578只小型哺乳动物,包括木鼠(Apodemussylvaticus),银行田鼠(Myodesglareolus),黄颈小鼠(Aperemusflavicollis),家鼠(Musmusculus),普通田鼠(小白鼠),和更大的白齿sh(Crocidurarussula)。我们在城市和自然地区的小型哺乳动物中检测到各种各样的人畜共患病原体。对于这些病原体的一个子集,在木鼠和银行田鼠中,然后,我们测试了病原体的患病率和多样性是否与栖息地类型相关(即,自然与城市),绿色程度,和各种主机特性。结果:tick传播的人畜共患病原体(疏螺旋体属。在自然地区的木鼠中,mikurensis的Neoehrlichia)明显更高。相比之下,巴尔通体的患病率。在城市地区的木鼠中更高,但这种差异没有统计学意义。自然栖息地的河岸田鼠的病原体多样性较高,并且两种啮齿动物都随体重的增加而增加,尽管这种关系取决于银行田鼠的性别。此外,我们检测到耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,产超广谱β-内酰胺酶/AmpC大肠杆菌,和淋巴细胞脉络膜脑膜炎病毒在荷兰的啮齿动物中首次出现。讨论:自然和城市地区之间的差异可能与节肢动物媒介的丰度和多样性以及脊椎动物群落组成的差异有关。随着环境侵蚀的增加和城市土地利用的变化(例如,城市绿化),重要的是更好地了解人畜共患病原体在城市环境中的传播动态,以减少对公共卫生的潜在疾病风险。
Background: Urban areas are unique ecosystems with stark differences in species abundance and composition compared with natural ecosystems. These differences can affect pathogen transmission dynamics, thereby altering zoonotic pathogen prevalence and diversity. In this study, we screened small mammals from natural and urban areas in the Netherlands for up to 19 zoonotic pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites. Materials and Methods: In total, 578 small mammals were captured, including wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), bank voles (Myodes glareolus), yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis), house mice (Mus musculus), common voles (Microtus arvalis), and greater white-toothed shrews (Crocidura russula). We detected a wide variety of zoonotic pathogens in small mammals from both urban and natural areas. For a subset of these pathogens, in wood mice and bank voles, we then tested whether pathogen prevalence and diversity were associated with habitat type (i.e., natural versus urban), degree of greenness, and various host characteristics. Results: The prevalence of tick-borne zoonotic pathogens (Borrelia spp. and Neoehrlichia mikurensis) was significantly higher in wood mice from natural areas. In contrast, the prevalence of Bartonella spp. was higher in wood mice from urban areas, but this difference was not statistically significant. Pathogen diversity was higher in bank voles from natural habitats and increased with body weight for both rodent species, although this relationship depended on sex for bank voles. In addition, we detected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus for the first time in
rodents in the Netherlands. Discussion: The differences between natural and urban areas are likely related to differences in the abundance and diversity of arthropod vectors and vertebrate community composition. With increasing environmental encroachment and changes in urban land use (e.g., urban greening), it is important to better understand transmission dynamics of zoonotic pathogens in urban environments to reduce potential disease risks for public health.