Abstract：
A thorough literature search was done in PubMed and Google Scholar as well as in physical books in libraries to summarize the literature on the history and evolution of medicine and orthopedics. The philosophical ideas that emerged in ancient Greece served as a foundation for the development of medicine. In the 5th century BC, the schools of Knidos and Kos emerged as influential centers for the development of medical thinking. The field of orthopedics can be traced back to early human civilizations. Ancient Egyptians perpetuated the tradition of employing splinting techniques. Hippocrates provided insights for the diagnosis, correction and treatment of many musculoskeletal entities. The field of medicine experienced a period of limited advancement during the Middle Ages. The Renaissance provided for the foundation of modern orthopedics and important contributions to the understanding and implementation of antisepsis. The discovery of x-ray and advancements in infection control and anesthesia have shown substantial progress in the domain of orthopedics and have contributed to the development of orthopedic subspecialization. Orthopedic surgery holds a historical lineage deeply entrenched in ancient practices and early human civilizations. Physicians specializing in orthopedics should be aware of the historical origins of their discipline and continue to evolve through further subspecialization and enhanced research.
摘要：
在PubMed和GoogleScholar以及图书馆的实体书中进行了全面的文献检索，以总结有关医学和骨科的历史和发展的文献。古希腊出现的哲学思想是医学发展的基础。在公元前5世纪,Knidos和Kos的学校成为医学思维发展的有影响力的中心。骨科领域可以追溯到人类早期文明。古埃及人延续了使用夹板技术的传统。希波克拉底为诊断提供了见解，许多肌肉骨骼实体的矫正和治疗。在中世纪，医学领域经历了一段有限的进步。文艺复兴时期为现代骨科奠定了基础，并为理解和实施防腐做出了重要贡献。X射线的发现以及感染控制和麻醉的进步显示出骨科领域的实质性进展，并促进了骨科亚专业化的发展。骨科手术在古代实践和早期人类文明中有着根深蒂固的历史血统。专门从事骨科的医生应该意识到他们学科的历史渊源，并通过进一步的亚专业化和加强研究继续发展。
