Abstract：
From the mid-seventeenth century, resorption of a testicular \"ferment\" and resorption of some part of the semen constituted reputable accounts of secondary sexual characteristics. Only in the early twentieth century was the latter, \"recrementitious secretion\" theory, explicitly considered superseded by one of internal secretion, an advance ushering in the hormone era. A reconstruction of these proto-endocrinological concepts is offered onward from the first, 1490 print edition of Galen\'s On Semen. Early modern physicians picking up from Galen deliberated widely on the medium and pathway of male and female testicular influences on \"the entire body,\" including the mind, causing \"femininity\" and \"masculinity\" in physical, mental-temperamental, and behavioral terms. A switch is discernible from \"heat and strength\" (Galen) to blood-borne \"virility\" or testicular vapor (such as proposed in 1564 by Tomás Rodrigues da Veiga), to iatrochemical postulations of a \"seminal ferment\" (suggested in the late 1650s, perhaps independently, by Thomas Willis at Oxford and Lambert van Velthuysen in Utrecht), finally to a \"seminal recrement\" or \"reabsorbed semen\" concept soon after (emergent in the posthumous work of Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, among others). During the late eighteenth century, mounting controversy surrounded both the very idea of that concept and the involved anatomical pathways, informed by multiple experiments.
摘要：
从17世纪中叶开始，睾丸“发酵”的吸收和精液某些部分的吸收构成了第二性征的著名说法。只有在20世纪初，才是后者，“重新分泌”理论，明确认为被一种内部分泌物取代，迎来激素时代的进步。从第一个开始就提供了这些原始内分泌概念的重建，1490印刷版的盖伦的精液。早期的现代医生从盖伦那里拿起广泛讨论了男性和女性睾丸对整个身体的影响的媒介和途径，“包括思想，在身体上造成“女性气质”和“男性气质”，精神气质，和行为术语。从“热量和强度”（盖伦）到血液传播的“男子气概”或睾丸蒸气（例如托马斯·罗德里格斯·达·维加在1564年提出的），关于“开创性发酵”的医疗化学假设(在1650年代后期提出，也许是独立的，牛津的托马斯·威利斯和乌得勒支的兰伯特·范·韦尔图森)，终于在不久之后出现了“精修精修”或“重新吸收精液”的概念（在乔瓦尼·阿方索·博雷利的死后作品中出现，除其他外)。在18世纪后期，越来越多的争议围绕着这个概念的概念和所涉及的解剖学途径，通过多个实验。
