Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Long-Covid, characterized by persistent symptoms following acute Covid-19 infection, represents a complex challenge for the scientific community. Among the most common and debilitating manifestations, cognitive fog is a neurological disorder characterized by mental confusion and cognitive difficulties. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of previous Covid-19 infection on cortical brain activity in patients experiencing cognitive fog symptoms in the medium and long term.
METHODS: A total of 40 subjects (20 females and 20 males) aged between 45 and 70 years (mean age (M) = 59.78, standard deviation (SD) = 12.93) participated in this study. This sample included individuals with symptoms of cognitive fog, both with and without anosmia, and a control group comprised of healthy subjects. All electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected in two sessions, 1 month and 8 months after recovery from Covid-19, to measure the neurophysiological parameters of P300 and beta band rhythms.
RESULTS: The results revealed significant differences in the neurophysiological parameters of P300 and beta band rhythms in subjects affected by cognitive fog, and these alterations persist even 8 months after recovery from Covid-19. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed between the participants with anosmia and without anosmia associated with cognitive fog.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide a significant contribution to understanding the long-term effects of Covid-19 on the brain and have important implications for future interventions aimed at managing and treating brain fog symptoms. The longitudinal assessment of cortical brain activity helps highlight the persistent impact of the virus on the neurological health of Long-Covid patients.
METHODS: A total of 40 subjects (20 females and 20 males) aged between 45 and 70 years (mean age (M) = 59.78, standard deviation (SD) = 12.93) participated in this study. This sample included individuals with symptoms of cognitive fog, both with and without anosmia, and a control group comprised of healthy subjects. All electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected in two sessions, 1 month and 8 months after recovery from Covid-19, to measure the neurophysiological parameters of P300 and beta band rhythms.
RESULTS: The results revealed significant differences in the neurophysiological parameters of P300 and beta band rhythms in subjects affected by cognitive fog, and these alterations persist even 8 months after recovery from Covid-19. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed between the participants with anosmia and without anosmia associated with cognitive fog.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide a significant contribution to understanding the long-term effects of Covid-19 on the brain and have important implications for future interventions aimed at managing and treating brain fog symptoms. The longitudinal assessment of cortical brain activity helps highlight the persistent impact of the virus on the neurological health of Long-Covid patients.
摘要：
背景：Long-Covid，以急性新冠肺炎感染后持续症状为特征，对科学界来说是一个复杂的挑战。在最常见和令人衰弱的表现中，认知雾是一种以精神错乱和认知困难为特征的神经系统疾病。在这项研究中,我们调查了既往Covid-19感染对认知雾症状患者大脑皮层活动的中长期影响。
方法：共有40名受试者（20名女性和20名男性），年龄在45至70岁之间（平均年龄（M）=59.78，标准差（SD）=12.93）参加了这项研究。这个样本包括有认知雾症状的个体，有和没有嗅觉缺失，和一个由健康受试者组成的对照组。所有脑电图（EEG）数据都是在两个疗程中收集的，从Covid-19恢复后1个月和8个月，测量P300和β带节律的神经生理参数。
结果：结果显示，受认知雾影响的受试者的P300和β带节律的神经生理参数存在显着差异，这些改变在新冠肺炎康复8个月后仍然存在。有趣的是,与认知雾相关的无嗅觉障碍和无嗅觉障碍的参与者之间没有观察到显著差异.
结论：这些发现为理解新冠肺炎对大脑的长期影响做出了重大贡献，并对旨在管理和治疗脑雾症状的未来干预措施具有重要意义。皮质脑活动的纵向评估有助于突出病毒对长Covid患者神经健康的持续影响。
方法：共有40名受试者（20名女性和20名男性），年龄在45至70岁之间（平均年龄（M）=59.78，标准差（SD）=12.93）参加了这项研究。这个样本包括有认知雾症状的个体，有和没有嗅觉缺失，和一个由健康受试者组成的对照组。所有脑电图（EEG）数据都是在两个疗程中收集的，从Covid-19恢复后1个月和8个月，测量P300和β带节律的神经生理参数。
结果：结果显示，受认知雾影响的受试者的P300和β带节律的神经生理参数存在显着差异，这些改变在新冠肺炎康复8个月后仍然存在。有趣的是,与认知雾相关的无嗅觉障碍和无嗅觉障碍的参与者之间没有观察到显著差异.
结论：这些发现为理解新冠肺炎对大脑的长期影响做出了重大贡献，并对旨在管理和治疗脑雾症状的未来干预措施具有重要意义。皮质脑活动的纵向评估有助于突出病毒对长Covid患者神经健康的持续影响。
