PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Background and Objectives: Leukemia, characterized by abnormal leukocyte production, exhibits clonal origin from somatic mutations. Globally, it ranked 15th in cancer incidence in 2020, with higher prevalence in developing countries. In Mexico, it was the ninth most frequent cancer. Regional registries are vital for understanding its epidemiology. This study aims to analyze the prevalence and age-standardized incidence rates of leukemias in a tertiary care hospital in the Mexican Bajio region. Materials and Methods: Leukemia cases from 2008-2018 were analyzed, and 535 medical records were included in this study. The prevalence, distribution, and age-specific incidence rate of different types and subtypes of leukemia were determined according to sex and age groups. Results: Overall, 65.79% consisted of lymphocytic leukemia, 33.64% of myeloid leukemia, and 0.56% of monocytic leukemia. No significant sex-based differences were found, but age-specific patterns were observed. Leukemia distribution by age revealed significant associations. Lymphocytic leukemia dominated in the pediatric population, particularly acute lymphocytic leukemia, while myeloid leukemia shifted towards adulthood. Age-specific incidence patterns showed, first, that lymphocytic leukemia is the most common leukemia in pediatric ages, and second, there is a shift from acute lymphocytic leukemia dominance in pediatric ages to myeloid leukemia incidence in late adulthood, emphasizing nuanced epidemiological dynamics. Conclusions: Acute leukemia cases occurred with high prevalence in our study population, with a high incidence in pediatric and adulthood populations, especially for acute lymphocytic leukemia, showing a (<18 years) 153.8 age-standardized incidence rate in the pediatric group, while in the adult population, the age-standardized rate was 59.84. In the age-specific analysis, we found that the childhood group (5-9 years) were the most affected by acute lymphocytic leukemia in the pediatric population, while in the adult population, the early-adulthood group (15-29 years) were the most affected age group. In contrast, chronic myeloid leukemia affected both adults and the pediatric populations, while chronic lymphocytic leukemia and monocytic leukemia were exclusive to adults. The study underscores the need for tailored diagnostic, treatment, and preventive strategies based on age, contributing valuable insights into the leukemia epidemiology of the Bajio region.
摘要：
背景和目的：白血病，以白细胞产生异常为特征，表现出来自体细胞突变的克隆起源。全球范围内,它在2020年的癌症发病率中排名第15位，在发展中国家的患病率更高。在墨西哥,它是第九大最常见的癌症。区域登记册对于了解其流行病学至关重要。本研究旨在分析墨西哥Bajio地区三级医院中白血病的患病率和年龄标准化发病率。材料与方法:分析2008-2018年白血病病例,这项研究纳入了535份医疗记录.患病率,分布，并根据性别和年龄组确定不同类型和亚型白血病的年龄特异性发病率。结果：总体而言，65.79%为淋巴细胞白血病,33.64%的骨髓性白血病，和0.56%的单核细胞白血病。没有发现显著的性别差异，但观察到了特定年龄的模式。白血病按年龄分布显示出明显的相关性。淋巴细胞白血病在儿科人群中占主导地位，特别是急性淋巴细胞白血病，而髓细胞性白血病向成年转移。显示特定年龄的发病率模式，首先,淋巴细胞白血病是儿科最常见的白血病，第二,从儿童年龄的急性淋巴细胞白血病到成年后期的髓系白血病发病率有一个转变，强调细微差别的流行病学动态。结论：急性白血病病例在我们的研究人群中发病率较高，在儿科和成年期人群中发病率很高，尤其是急性淋巴细胞白血病，在儿科组中显示（<18岁）153.8年龄标准化的发病率，而在成年人口中，年龄标准化率为59.84.在特定年龄的分析中，我们发现儿童群体（5-9岁）受急性淋巴细胞白血病影响最大，而在成年人口中，成年早期组(15-29岁)是受影响最严重的年龄组.相比之下,慢性粒细胞白血病影响成人和儿童人群，而慢性淋巴细胞白血病和单核细胞白血病是成年人独有的。这项研究强调了定制诊断的必要性，治疗,和基于年龄的预防策略，为Bajio地区的白血病流行病学提供有价值的见解。
