Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major global cause of death and hospitalization. Bacteria or community-acquired viruses (CARVs) cause CAP. COVID-19 associated restrictions effectively reduced the circulation of CARVs.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the proportion of CARVs in adult patients with CAP from mid-2020 to mid-2023. Specifically, we aimed to compare the rate of influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV detections in patients aged 18-59 years and ≥60 years.
METHODS: We analyze the proportion of 21 community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARVs) and three atypical bacteria (Bordetella pertussis, Legionella pneumophila, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae) in nasopharyngeal swab samples using molecular multiplex methods within the prospective, multicentre, multinational study of the German study Group CAPNETZ. We used stringent inclusion criteria throughout the study.
RESULTS: We identified CARVs in 364/1,388 (26.2 %) patients. In detail, we detected SARS-CoV-2 in 210/1,388 (15.1 %), rhino-/enterovirus in 64/1,388 (4.6 %), influenza virus in 23/1,388 (1.6 %) and RSV in 17/1,388 (1.2 %) of all patients. We detected RSV and influenza more frequently in patients ≥60 years, especially in 22/23 compared to the previous season. None of the atypical bacteria were detected.
CONCLUSIONS: Beginning in 2023, we demonstrate a re-emergence of CARVs in CAP patients. Effective vaccines or specific antiviral therapies for more than two thirds of the detected viral infections are currently available. High detection rates of vaccine-preventable viruses in older age groups support targeted vaccination campaigns.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the proportion of CARVs in adult patients with CAP from mid-2020 to mid-2023. Specifically, we aimed to compare the rate of influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV detections in patients aged 18-59 years and ≥60 years.
METHODS: We analyze the proportion of 21 community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARVs) and three atypical bacteria (Bordetella pertussis, Legionella pneumophila, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae) in nasopharyngeal swab samples using molecular multiplex methods within the prospective, multicentre, multinational study of the German study Group CAPNETZ. We used stringent inclusion criteria throughout the study.
RESULTS: We identified CARVs in 364/1,388 (26.2 %) patients. In detail, we detected SARS-CoV-2 in 210/1,388 (15.1 %), rhino-/enterovirus in 64/1,388 (4.6 %), influenza virus in 23/1,388 (1.6 %) and RSV in 17/1,388 (1.2 %) of all patients. We detected RSV and influenza more frequently in patients ≥60 years, especially in 22/23 compared to the previous season. None of the atypical bacteria were detected.
CONCLUSIONS: Beginning in 2023, we demonstrate a re-emergence of CARVs in CAP patients. Effective vaccines or specific antiviral therapies for more than two thirds of the detected viral infections are currently available. High detection rates of vaccine-preventable viruses in older age groups support targeted vaccination campaigns.
摘要：
背景：社区获得性肺炎（CAP）是全球死亡和住院的主要原因。细菌或社区获得性病毒（CARV）引起CAP。COVID-19相关的限制有效地减少了CARV的流通。
目的：这项研究的目的是分析2020年中期至2023年中期成人CAP患者中CARV的比例。具体来说,我们的目的是比较流感病毒的发病率，18-59岁和≥60岁患者的SARS-CoV-2和RSV检测。
方法：我们分析了21种社区获得性呼吸道病毒（CARV）和三种非典型细菌（百日咳博德特氏菌，嗜肺军团菌,和肺炎支原体）在鼻咽拭子样本中使用分子多重方法，多中心,德国研究小组CAPNETZ的跨国研究。我们在整个研究中使用了严格的纳入标准。
结果：我们在364/1,388（26.2%）患者中确定了CARV。详细来说,我们在210/1,388（15.1%）中检测到SARS-CoV-2，鼻-/肠道病毒在64/1,388（4.6％），所有患者中有23/1,388（1.6％）的流感病毒和17/1,388（1.2％）的RSV。我们在≥60岁的患者中更频繁地检测到RSV和流感，特别是在22/23与上一个赛季相比。没有检测到非典型细菌。
结论：从2023年开始，我们证明了CARV在CAP患者中的重新出现。目前可获得超过三分之二的检测到的病毒感染的有效疫苗或特异性抗病毒疗法。老年人群中疫苗可预防病毒的高检出率支持有针对性的疫苗接种运动。
目的：这项研究的目的是分析2020年中期至2023年中期成人CAP患者中CARV的比例。具体来说,我们的目的是比较流感病毒的发病率，18-59岁和≥60岁患者的SARS-CoV-2和RSV检测。
方法：我们分析了21种社区获得性呼吸道病毒（CARV）和三种非典型细菌（百日咳博德特氏菌，嗜肺军团菌,和肺炎支原体）在鼻咽拭子样本中使用分子多重方法，多中心,德国研究小组CAPNETZ的跨国研究。我们在整个研究中使用了严格的纳入标准。
结果：我们在364/1,388（26.2%）患者中确定了CARV。详细来说,我们在210/1,388（15.1%）中检测到SARS-CoV-2，鼻-/肠道病毒在64/1,388（4.6％），所有患者中有23/1,388（1.6％）的流感病毒和17/1,388（1.2％）的RSV。我们在≥60岁的患者中更频繁地检测到RSV和流感，特别是在22/23与上一个赛季相比。没有检测到非典型细菌。
结论：从2023年开始，我们证明了CARV在CAP患者中的重新出现。目前可获得超过三分之二的检测到的病毒感染的有效疫苗或特异性抗病毒疗法。老年人群中疫苗可预防病毒的高检出率支持有针对性的疫苗接种运动。
