Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Sparse research exists on predictors of element concentrations measured in deciduous teeth.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate associations between maternal/child characteristics, elements measured in home tap water during pregnancy and element concentrations in the dentin of shed deciduous teeth.
METHODS: Our analysis included 152 pregnant person-infant dyads followed from the second trimester through the end of the first postnatal year from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. During pregnancy and early infancy, we collected dietary and sociodemographic information via surveys, measured elements in home tap water, and later collected naturally exfoliated teeth from child participants. We measured longitudinal deposition of elements in dentin using LA-ICP-MS. Multivariable linear mixed models were used to estimate associations between predictors and dentin element concentrations.
RESULTS: We measured 12 elements in dentin including those previously reported (Ba, Mn, Pb, Sr, Zn) and less frequently reported (Al, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Li, and W). A doubling of Pb or Sr concentrations in water was associated with higher dentin Pb or Sr respectively in prenatally formed [9% (95%CI: 3%, 15%); 3% (1%, 6%)] and postnatally formed [10% (2%, 19%); 6% (2%, 10%)] dentin. Formula feeding from birth to 6 weeks or 6 weeks to 4 months was associated with higher element concentrations in postnatal dentin within the given time period as compared to exclusive human milk feeding: Sr: 6 weeks: 61% (36%, 90%) and 4 months: 85% (54%, 121%); Ba: 6 weeks: 35% (3.3%, 77%) and 4 months: 42% (10%, 83%); and Li: 6 weeks: 61% (33%, 95%) and 4 months: 58% (31%, 90%).
CONCLUSIONS: These findings offer insights into predictors of dentin elements and potential confounders in exposure-health outcome relationships during critical developmental periods.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate associations between maternal/child characteristics, elements measured in home tap water during pregnancy and element concentrations in the dentin of shed deciduous teeth.
METHODS: Our analysis included 152 pregnant person-infant dyads followed from the second trimester through the end of the first postnatal year from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. During pregnancy and early infancy, we collected dietary and sociodemographic information via surveys, measured elements in home tap water, and later collected naturally exfoliated teeth from child participants. We measured longitudinal deposition of elements in dentin using LA-ICP-MS. Multivariable linear mixed models were used to estimate associations between predictors and dentin element concentrations.
RESULTS: We measured 12 elements in dentin including those previously reported (Ba, Mn, Pb, Sr, Zn) and less frequently reported (Al, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Li, and W). A doubling of Pb or Sr concentrations in water was associated with higher dentin Pb or Sr respectively in prenatally formed [9% (95%CI: 3%, 15%); 3% (1%, 6%)] and postnatally formed [10% (2%, 19%); 6% (2%, 10%)] dentin. Formula feeding from birth to 6 weeks or 6 weeks to 4 months was associated with higher element concentrations in postnatal dentin within the given time period as compared to exclusive human milk feeding: Sr: 6 weeks: 61% (36%, 90%) and 4 months: 85% (54%, 121%); Ba: 6 weeks: 35% (3.3%, 77%) and 4 months: 42% (10%, 83%); and Li: 6 weeks: 61% (33%, 95%) and 4 months: 58% (31%, 90%).
CONCLUSIONS: These findings offer insights into predictors of dentin elements and potential confounders in exposure-health outcome relationships during critical developmental periods.
摘要：
背景：在乳牙中测量的元素浓度的预测因子上存在稀疏研究。
目的：评估母亲/儿童特征之间的关联，怀孕期间在家用自来水中测量的元素以及脱落的乳牙牙本质中的元素浓度。
方法：我们的分析包括152个怀孕的人-婴儿二分体，随后从第二三个月到出生后的第一年结束从新罕布什尔州出生队列研究。在怀孕和婴儿早期，我们通过调查收集饮食和社会人口统计信息，家用自来水中的测量元素，后来从儿童参与者那里收集了自然脱落的牙齿。我们使用LA-ICP-MS测量了牙本质中元素的纵向沉积。使用多变量线性混合模型来估计预测因子与牙本质元素浓度之间的关联。
结果：我们测量了牙本质中的12种元素，包括先前报道的元素（Ba，Mn,Pb,Sr,Zn)和较少报道的(Al，As,Cd,Cu,Hg,Li,和W）。水中Pb或Sr浓度加倍与产前形成的牙本质Pb或Sr分别较高相关[9％（95CI：3％，15%)；3%(1%，6%)]和出生后形成的[10%(2%，19%)；6%(2%，10%)]牙本质。与独家人乳喂养相比，从出生到6周或6周到4个月的配方喂养与给定时间段内出生后牙本质中更高的元素浓度相关：Sr：6周：61％（36％，90%）和4个月：85%（54%，121%);Ba:6周:35%(3.3%,77%）和4个月：42%（10%，83%）；Li：6周：61%（33%，95%）和4个月：58%（31%，90%)。
结论：这些发现为关键发育时期暴露与健康结果关系中牙本质元素和潜在混杂因素的预测提供了见解。
目的：评估母亲/儿童特征之间的关联，怀孕期间在家用自来水中测量的元素以及脱落的乳牙牙本质中的元素浓度。
方法：我们的分析包括152个怀孕的人-婴儿二分体，随后从第二三个月到出生后的第一年结束从新罕布什尔州出生队列研究。在怀孕和婴儿早期，我们通过调查收集饮食和社会人口统计信息，家用自来水中的测量元素，后来从儿童参与者那里收集了自然脱落的牙齿。我们使用LA-ICP-MS测量了牙本质中元素的纵向沉积。使用多变量线性混合模型来估计预测因子与牙本质元素浓度之间的关联。
结果：我们测量了牙本质中的12种元素，包括先前报道的元素（Ba，Mn,Pb,Sr,Zn)和较少报道的(Al，As,Cd,Cu,Hg,Li,和W）。水中Pb或Sr浓度加倍与产前形成的牙本质Pb或Sr分别较高相关[9％（95CI：3％，15%)；3%(1%，6%)]和出生后形成的[10%(2%，19%)；6%(2%，10%)]牙本质。与独家人乳喂养相比，从出生到6周或6周到4个月的配方喂养与给定时间段内出生后牙本质中更高的元素浓度相关：Sr：6周：61％（36％，90%）和4个月：85%（54%，121%);Ba:6周:35%(3.3%,77%）和4个月：42%（10%，83%）；Li：6周：61%（33%，95%）和4个月：58%（31%，90%)。
结论：这些发现为关键发育时期暴露与健康结果关系中牙本质元素和潜在混杂因素的预测提供了见解。
