PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In recent years, the combined pollution of PM2.5 and O3 in China, particularly in economically developed regions such as the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), has garnered significant attention due to its potential implications. This study systematically investigated the changes of PM2.5 and O3 and their associated human health effects in the GBA, utilizing observational data spanning from 2015 to 2019. The findings revealed a spatial trend indicating a gradual decrease in PM2.5 levels from the northwest to the southeast, while the spatial distribution of MDA8 O3 demonstrated an opposing pattern to that of PM2.5. The monthly fluctuations of PM2.5 and MDA8 O3 exhibited V-shaped and M-shaped patterns, respectively. Higher MDA8 O3 concentrations were observed in autumn, followed by summer and spring. Over the five-year period, PM2.5 concentrations exhibited a general decline, with an annual reduction rate of 1.7 μg m-3/year, while MDA8 O3 concentrations displayed an annual increase of 3.2 μg m-3. Among the GBA regions, Macao, Foshan, Guangzhou, and Jiangmen demonstrated notable decreases in PM2.5, whereas Jiangmen, Zhongshan, and Guangzhou experienced substantial increases in MDA8 O3 levels. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 in 2019 was associated with 21,113 (95% CI 4968-31,048) all-cause deaths (AD), 1333 (95% CI 762-1714) cardiovascular deaths (CD), and 1424 (95% CI 0-2848) respiratory deaths (RD), respectively, reflecting declines of 27.6%, 28.0%, and 28.4%, respectively, compared to 2015. Conversely, in 2019, estimated AD, CD, and RD attributable to O3 were 16,286 (95% CI 8143-32,572), 7321 (95% CI 2440-14,155), and 6314 (95% CI 0-13,576), respectively, representing increases of 45.9%, 46.2%, and 44.2% over 2015, respectively. Taken together, these findings underscored a shifting focus in air pollution control in the GBA, emphasizing the imperative for coordinated control strategies targeting both PM2.5 and O3.
摘要：
近年来,中国PM2.5和O3的联合污染，特别是在粤港澳大湾区(GBA)等经济发达地区，由于其潜在的影响，已经引起了极大的关注。本研究系统地调查了GBA中PM2.5和O3的变化及其对人类健康的影响，利用2015年至2019年的观测数据。研究结果揭示了一个空间趋势，表明从西北到东南的PM2.5水平逐渐下降，而MDA8O3的空间分布表现出与PM2.5相反的模式。PM2.5和MDA8O3的月度波动呈V型和M型,分别。在秋季观察到较高的MDA8O3浓度，其次是夏天和春天。在五年期间,PM2.5浓度呈普遍下降趋势,年减少率为1.7μgm-3/年，而MDA8O3浓度显示每年增加3.2μgm-3。在GBA地区中，澳门,佛山,广州,江门的PM2.5显着下降，而江门，中山,广州MDA8O3水平大幅上升。2019年长期暴露于PM2.5与21,113例（95%CI4968-31,048）全因死亡（AD）相关，1333（95%CI762-1714）心血管死亡（CD），和1424（95%CI0-2848）呼吸死亡（RD），分别,反映下降了27.6%，28.0%,和28.4%，分别,与2015年相比。相反，2019年，估计AD，CD,可归因于O3的RD为16,286（95%CI8143-32,572），7321（95%CI2440-14,155），和6314（95%CI0-13,576），分别,代表45.9％的增长，46.2%,分别较2015年和44.2%。一起来看,这些发现强调了海湾地区空气污染控制的重点转移，强调针对PM2.5和O3的协调控制策略的必要性。
