Abstract：
Previous cross-sectional studies have reported associations between self-compassion, self-criticism, and positive body image, yet prospective studies establishing the temporal order of these relationships are missing. The present study sought to clarify the nature of these associations by investigating possible longitudinal bi-directional links between self-compassion, self-criticism, and three components of positive body image (body appreciation, functionality appreciation, and body image flexibility). Data were analyzed from 2982 adult women who completed survey instruments at baseline (T0), four-month follow-up (T1), and eight-month follow-up (T2). Attrition rate ranged from 0-56% across time-points. Cross-lagged panel models were computed to test for bidirectional associations. We found evidence of reciprocal, negative associations between self-criticism and the three components of positive body image across the three time-points. We also found evidence that T0 self-compassion predicted increased body image flexibility and functionality appreciation at T1 (paths were non-significant from T1 to T2), whereas T0 body appreciation predicted increased T1 self-compassion (but was non-significant from T1 to T2). Findings suggest that compassionate and uncritical ways of responding to the self may be relevant precursors and outcomes to positive body image, depending on the timing of assessment, highlighting viable targets for intervention.
摘要：
以前的横断面研究报告了自我同情之间的关联，自我批评,积极的身体形象，然而，缺乏建立这些关系的时间顺序的前瞻性研究。本研究试图通过调查自我同情之间可能的纵向双向联系来阐明这些关联的性质，自我批评,和积极身体形象的三个组成部分(身体欣赏，功能欣赏，和身体形象的灵活性)。对2982名成年女性的数据进行了分析，这些女性在基线（T0）时完成了调查工具，四个月随访（T1），8个月随访（T2）。不同时间点的磨损率范围为0-56%。计算了交叉滞后面板模型来测试双向关联。我们发现了互惠的证据，在三个时间点，自我批评与积极身体形象的三个组成部分之间的消极关联。我们还发现了T0自我同情预测T1时身体形象灵活性和功能欣赏增加的证据（从T1到T2的路径不显著），而T0身体欣赏预测T1自我同情增加(但从T1到T2不显着)。研究结果表明，富有同情心和不加批判的回应自我的方式可能是积极身体形象的相关前兆和结果，根据评估的时间，强调可行的干预目标。
