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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Despite continuous prevention and control strategies in place, malaria remains a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Moreover, prevalence of malaria differs in different geographical settings and epidemiological data were inadequate to assure disease status in the study area. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria and associated risk factors in selected rural kebeles in South Ethiopia.
METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February to June 2019 in eight malaria-endemic kebeles situated in four zones in South Ethiopia. Mult-stage sampling techniques were employed to select the study zones, districts, kebeles and households. Blood sample were collected from 1674 participants in 345 households by finger prick and smears were examined by microscopy. Sociodemographic data as well as risk factors for Plasmodium infection were collected using questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyse the data.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of malaria in the study localities was 4.5% (76/1674). The prevalence was varied among the study localities with high prevalence in Bashilo (14.6%; 33/226) followed by Mehal Korga (12.1%; 26/214). Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant parasite accounted for 65.8% (50/76), while Plasmodium vivax accounted 18.4% (14/76). Co-infection of P. falciparum and P. vivax was 15.8% (12/76). Among the three age groups prevalence was 7.8% (27/346) in age less than 5 years and 7.5% (40/531) in 5-14 years. The age groups > 14years were less likely infected with Plasmodium parasite (AOR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.02-0.82) than under five children. Non-febrile individuals 1638 (97.8%) were more likely to had Plasmodium infection (AOR = 28.4, 95% CI 011.4-70.6) than febrile 36 (2.2%). Individuals living proximity to mosquito breeding sites have higher Plasmodium infection (AOR = 6.17, 95% CI 2.66-14.3) than those at distant of breeding sites.
CONCLUSIONS: Malaria remains a public health problem in the study localities. Thus, malaria prevention and control strategies targeting children, non-febrile cases and individuals living proximity to breeding sites are crucial to reduce malaria related morbidity and mortality.
METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February to June 2019 in eight malaria-endemic kebeles situated in four zones in South Ethiopia. Mult-stage sampling techniques were employed to select the study zones, districts, kebeles and households. Blood sample were collected from 1674 participants in 345 households by finger prick and smears were examined by microscopy. Sociodemographic data as well as risk factors for Plasmodium infection were collected using questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyse the data.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of malaria in the study localities was 4.5% (76/1674). The prevalence was varied among the study localities with high prevalence in Bashilo (14.6%; 33/226) followed by Mehal Korga (12.1%; 26/214). Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant parasite accounted for 65.8% (50/76), while Plasmodium vivax accounted 18.4% (14/76). Co-infection of P. falciparum and P. vivax was 15.8% (12/76). Among the three age groups prevalence was 7.8% (27/346) in age less than 5 years and 7.5% (40/531) in 5-14 years. The age groups > 14years were less likely infected with Plasmodium parasite (AOR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.02-0.82) than under five children. Non-febrile individuals 1638 (97.8%) were more likely to had Plasmodium infection (AOR = 28.4, 95% CI 011.4-70.6) than febrile 36 (2.2%). Individuals living proximity to mosquito breeding sites have higher Plasmodium infection (AOR = 6.17, 95% CI 2.66-14.3) than those at distant of breeding sites.
CONCLUSIONS: Malaria remains a public health problem in the study localities. Thus, malaria prevention and control strategies targeting children, non-febrile cases and individuals living proximity to breeding sites are crucial to reduce malaria related morbidity and mortality.
摘要：
背景：尽管有持续的预防和控制策略，疟疾仍然是包括埃塞俄比亚在内的撒哈拉以南非洲的主要公共卫生问题。此外，疟疾的流行率在不同的地理环境中不同,流行病学数据不足以确保研究区域的疾病状况.这项研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚南部某些农村地区的疟疾患病率和相关危险因素。
方法：在2019年2月至6月期间，对埃塞俄比亚南部四个地区的八个疟疾地方病Kebeles进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术选择研究区，区,Kebeles和家庭。通过针刺从345户家庭的1674名参与者中收集血液样本，并通过显微镜检查涂片。使用问卷收集社会人口统计学数据以及疟原虫感染的危险因素。使用双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析数据。
结果：研究地区的疟疾总体患病率为4.5％（76/1674）。在Bashilo（14.6％；33/226）的高患病率研究地区中，患病率有所不同，其次是MehalKorga（12.1％；26/214）。恶性疟原虫占优势寄生虫的65.8%(50/76),间日疟原虫占18.4%(14/76)。恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫的共感染率为15.8%(12/76)。在三个年龄组中，5岁以下的患病率为7.8％（27/346），5-14岁的患病率为7.5％（40/531）。年龄>14岁的儿童感染疟原虫的可能性低于5岁以下儿童（AOR=0.14，95％CI0.02-0.82）。非发热个体1638（97.8％）比发热个体36（2.2％）更容易感染疟原虫（AOR=28.4，95％CI011.4-70.6）。生活在蚊子繁殖地附近的个体的疟原虫感染（AOR=6.17，95％CI2.66-14.3）高于远离繁殖地的个体。
结论：疟疾仍然是研究地区的公共卫生问题。因此，针对儿童的疟疾预防和控制策略，非发热病例和居住在繁殖地点附近的个体对于降低疟疾相关发病率和死亡率至关重要。
方法：在2019年2月至6月期间，对埃塞俄比亚南部四个地区的八个疟疾地方病Kebeles进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术选择研究区，区,Kebeles和家庭。通过针刺从345户家庭的1674名参与者中收集血液样本，并通过显微镜检查涂片。使用问卷收集社会人口统计学数据以及疟原虫感染的危险因素。使用双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析数据。
结果：研究地区的疟疾总体患病率为4.5％（76/1674）。在Bashilo（14.6％；33/226）的高患病率研究地区中，患病率有所不同，其次是MehalKorga（12.1％；26/214）。恶性疟原虫占优势寄生虫的65.8%(50/76),间日疟原虫占18.4%(14/76)。恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫的共感染率为15.8%(12/76)。在三个年龄组中，5岁以下的患病率为7.8％（27/346），5-14岁的患病率为7.5％（40/531）。年龄>14岁的儿童感染疟原虫的可能性低于5岁以下儿童（AOR=0.14，95％CI0.02-0.82）。非发热个体1638（97.8％）比发热个体36（2.2％）更容易感染疟原虫（AOR=28.4，95％CI011.4-70.6）。生活在蚊子繁殖地附近的个体的疟原虫感染（AOR=6.17，95％CI2.66-14.3）高于远离繁殖地的个体。
结论：疟疾仍然是研究地区的公共卫生问题。因此，针对儿童的疟疾预防和控制策略，非发热病例和居住在繁殖地点附近的个体对于降低疟疾相关发病率和死亡率至关重要。
