Abstract：
Kidney disease is a common health problem worldwide. Acute or chronic injuries may interfere with kidney functions, eventually resulting in irreversible kidney damage. A number of recent studies have shown that the plant-derived natural products have an extensive potential for renal protection. Thymoquinone (TQ) is an essential compound derived from Nigella Sativa (NS), which is widely applied in the Middle East as a folk medicine. Previous experiments have demonstrated that TQ has a variety of potential pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective activities. In particular, the prominent renal protective efficacy of TQ has been demonstrated in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. TQ can prevent acute kidney injuries from various xenobiotics through anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects. In addition, TQ exhibited significant pharmacological effects on renal cell carcinoma, renal fibrosis, and urinary calculi. The essential mechanisms involve scavenging ROS and increasing anti-oxidant activity, decreasing inflammatory mediators, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting migration and invasion. The purpose of this review is to conclude the pharmacological effects and the potential mechanisms of TQ in renal protection, shedding new light on the exploration of medicinal phyto-protective agents targeting kidneys.
摘要：
肾脏疾病是世界范围内常见的健康问题。急性或慢性损伤可能会干扰肾功能，最终导致不可逆的肾脏损伤。最近的许多研究表明，植物来源的天然产物具有广泛的肾脏保护潜力。胸腺醌（TQ）是一种衍生自黑拉（NS）的必需化合物，作为一种民间医学在中东得到了广泛的应用。先前的实验表明，TQ具有多种潜在的药理作用，包括抗氧化剂，抗菌，抗肿瘤，免疫调节,和神经保护活动。特别是,TQ的显著肾脏保护功效已在体内和体外实验中得到证实。TQ可以通过抗氧化预防各种外源性物质引起的急性肾损伤，抗炎,和抗凋亡作用。此外,TQ对肾细胞癌具有显著的药理作用,肾纤维化,还有尿路结石.基本机制涉及清除ROS和增加抗氧化活性，减少炎症介质，诱导细胞凋亡，并抑制迁移和入侵。本文的目的是总结TQ在肾脏保护中的药理作用和潜在机制。为探索针对肾脏的药用植物保护剂提供了新的思路。
