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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: People with vision impairment encounter many difficulties when it comes to medicines use. However, evidence indicates that there are major gaps in pharmaceutical care service provision worldwide and limited research on interventions to optimise medication use for this patient population. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) provides a method for theoretically understanding individuals\' behaviour and informing development of interventions. The aim of this research was to (a) identify the barriers and facilitators to the provision of medication dispensing and counselling services by pharmacists to patients with vision impairment, and (b) identify key TDF domains to be targeted in a future intervention.
METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with pharmacists from different pharmacy practice settings/areas in Saudi Arabia. The 14-domain TDF was utilised as the theoretical lens through which pharmacists\' behaviours were examined. Interviews were conducted in Arabic or English, either face-to-face or over the telephone based on the participant\'s preference. Following transcription, interviews conducted in Arabic were translated into English before analysis. Data analysis involved using the framework method and content analysis to identify important barriers and facilitators to the provision of dispensing and counselling services to those with vision impairment. Key TDF domains that could be targeted in a future intervention were then identified using a consensus-based approach.
RESULTS: Twenty-six pharmacists were interviewed. Pharmacists\' experience in pharmacy practice ranged from two to 28 years. A range of barriers and facilitators were highlighted as important in providing services to those with vision impairment. Eight domains were identified as \'key domains\' including: \'Knowledge\', \'Skills\', \'Beliefs about capabilities\', \'Goals\', \'Memory, attention, and decision processes\', \'Environmental context and resources\', \'Social influences\', and \'Behavioural regulation\'.
CONCLUSIONS: Barriers and facilitators identified by pharmacists will inform the development of an intervention to ensure its applicability to everyday practice. Future research will focus on the process of developing the proposed intervention through targeting key TDF domains to improve medication dispensing and counselling by pharmacists to patients with vision impairment.
METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with pharmacists from different pharmacy practice settings/areas in Saudi Arabia. The 14-domain TDF was utilised as the theoretical lens through which pharmacists\' behaviours were examined. Interviews were conducted in Arabic or English, either face-to-face or over the telephone based on the participant\'s preference. Following transcription, interviews conducted in Arabic were translated into English before analysis. Data analysis involved using the framework method and content analysis to identify important barriers and facilitators to the provision of dispensing and counselling services to those with vision impairment. Key TDF domains that could be targeted in a future intervention were then identified using a consensus-based approach.
RESULTS: Twenty-six pharmacists were interviewed. Pharmacists\' experience in pharmacy practice ranged from two to 28 years. A range of barriers and facilitators were highlighted as important in providing services to those with vision impairment. Eight domains were identified as \'key domains\' including: \'Knowledge\', \'Skills\', \'Beliefs about capabilities\', \'Goals\', \'Memory, attention, and decision processes\', \'Environmental context and resources\', \'Social influences\', and \'Behavioural regulation\'.
CONCLUSIONS: Barriers and facilitators identified by pharmacists will inform the development of an intervention to ensure its applicability to everyday practice. Future research will focus on the process of developing the proposed intervention through targeting key TDF domains to improve medication dispensing and counselling by pharmacists to patients with vision impairment.
摘要：
背景：患有视力障碍的人在使用药物时会遇到许多困难。然而,有证据表明，全球范围内的药学服务提供存在重大差距，并且对优化该患者人群的药物使用的干预措施的研究有限。理论领域框架（TDF）提供了一种从理论上理解个人行为并告知干预措施发展的方法。这项研究的目的是（a）确定药剂师向视力障碍患者提供药物分配和咨询服务的障碍和促进因素，和(b)确定在未来干预中要靶向的关键TDF域。
方法：对沙特阿拉伯不同药房/地区的药剂师进行了半结构化访谈。14域TDF被用作检查药剂师行为的理论透镜。面试以阿拉伯语或英语进行，根据参与者的偏好，面对面或通过电话。转录后，在分析之前，用阿拉伯语进行的访谈被翻译成英语。数据分析涉及使用框架方法和内容分析来确定向视力障碍者提供配药和咨询服务的重要障碍和促进因素。然后使用基于共识的方法确定在未来干预中可以靶向的关键TDF域。
结果：对26名药剂师进行了访谈。药剂师在药学实践中的经验从2到28年不等。强调了一系列障碍和促进者在为视力障碍者提供服务方面的重要性。八个域被标识为“关键域”，包括：“知识”、\'技能\',\'关于能力的信念\'，\'目标\',\'内存,注意,和决策过程，\'环境背景和资源\'，\'社会影响\'，和“行为调节”。
结论：药剂师确定的障碍和促进者将为干预措施的发展提供信息，以确保其适用于日常实践。未来的研究将集中在通过针对关键的TDF领域来改善药剂师对视力障碍患者的药物分配和咨询的过程中。
方法：对沙特阿拉伯不同药房/地区的药剂师进行了半结构化访谈。14域TDF被用作检查药剂师行为的理论透镜。面试以阿拉伯语或英语进行，根据参与者的偏好，面对面或通过电话。转录后，在分析之前，用阿拉伯语进行的访谈被翻译成英语。数据分析涉及使用框架方法和内容分析来确定向视力障碍者提供配药和咨询服务的重要障碍和促进因素。然后使用基于共识的方法确定在未来干预中可以靶向的关键TDF域。
结果：对26名药剂师进行了访谈。药剂师在药学实践中的经验从2到28年不等。强调了一系列障碍和促进者在为视力障碍者提供服务方面的重要性。八个域被标识为“关键域”，包括：“知识”、\'技能\',\'关于能力的信念\'，\'目标\',\'内存,注意,和决策过程，\'环境背景和资源\'，\'社会影响\'，和“行为调节”。
结论：药剂师确定的障碍和促进者将为干预措施的发展提供信息，以确保其适用于日常实践。未来的研究将集中在通过针对关键的TDF领域来改善药剂师对视力障碍患者的药物分配和咨询的过程中。
