Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Schima wallichii (D.C.) Korth is traditionally used in Manipur, India for treatment of diabetes and hypertension. However, there is no data reported regarding safety profile of this medicinal plant upon repeated per oral administration over a period of time.
OBJECTIVE: In the current study phytochemical profile, toxicological profile and total phenolic and flavonoid compound content of Schima wallichii leaves extract were evaluated.
METHODS: Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was performed for chemical profiling by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), Shimadzu, TQ8040 system. A 28 days sub-acute toxicity study was carried out using albino Wistar rats by administering 3 different doses (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight per oral) of methanol leaves extract. Changes in body weights were recorded weekly. Serum biochemical parameters were estimated as well as blood-cell count was done to check the effect of extract on haematopoietic system. Histopathology of vital organs viz. kidney, heart, brain, liver was performed to find any pathological indications. Since, liver is main the site for xenobiotic metabolism, estimation of the level of glutathione, catalase and lipid peroxidation were done. Further, total phenolic and flavonoid compound content estimation was performed for the leaves extract.
RESULTS: GC-MS revealed 14 major compounds with area percentage >1% of which quinic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-, Octatriacontyl trifluoroacetate, are three major compounds. No mortality was observed after the treatment with extract. Blood-cell count and biochemical parameters didn\'t show significant deviation as compared to control group. Histopathology study of vital organs viz. (liver, kidney, heart and brain) showed normal cellular construction comparing to control group. There was no sign of membrane lipid peroxidation, depletion of catalase level and glutathione level in liver. The result demonstrates that NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect levels) in the sub-acute toxicity was above 800 mg/kg. The leaves extract showed significant total phenol and flavonoid content.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that Schima wallichii possessed important bioactive compounds with therapeutic values. The plant was safe for consumption after repeated high doses administration in rats and possesses significant amount of total phenol and flavonoid content.
OBJECTIVE: In the current study phytochemical profile, toxicological profile and total phenolic and flavonoid compound content of Schima wallichii leaves extract were evaluated.
METHODS: Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was performed for chemical profiling by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), Shimadzu, TQ8040 system. A 28 days sub-acute toxicity study was carried out using albino Wistar rats by administering 3 different doses (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight per oral) of methanol leaves extract. Changes in body weights were recorded weekly. Serum biochemical parameters were estimated as well as blood-cell count was done to check the effect of extract on haematopoietic system. Histopathology of vital organs viz. kidney, heart, brain, liver was performed to find any pathological indications. Since, liver is main the site for xenobiotic metabolism, estimation of the level of glutathione, catalase and lipid peroxidation were done. Further, total phenolic and flavonoid compound content estimation was performed for the leaves extract.
RESULTS: GC-MS revealed 14 major compounds with area percentage >1% of which quinic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-, Octatriacontyl trifluoroacetate, are three major compounds. No mortality was observed after the treatment with extract. Blood-cell count and biochemical parameters didn\'t show significant deviation as compared to control group. Histopathology study of vital organs viz. (liver, kidney, heart and brain) showed normal cellular construction comparing to control group. There was no sign of membrane lipid peroxidation, depletion of catalase level and glutathione level in liver. The result demonstrates that NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect levels) in the sub-acute toxicity was above 800 mg/kg. The leaves extract showed significant total phenol and flavonoid content.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that Schima wallichii possessed important bioactive compounds with therapeutic values. The plant was safe for consumption after repeated high doses administration in rats and possesses significant amount of total phenol and flavonoid content.
摘要：
背景：Schimawallichii（D.C.）Korth传统上用于曼尼普尔邦，印度用于治疗糖尿病和高血压。然而,没有关于该药用植物在一段时间内重复每次口服给药的安全性的数据报道.
目的：在目前的研究植物化学概况中，评价了木麻叶提取物的毒理学特征和总酚和黄酮化合物含量。
方法：通过使用气相色谱-质谱/质谱（GC-MS/MS）进行气相色谱与质谱联用以进行化学剖析，岛津,TQ8040系统。使用白化病Wistar大鼠通过施用3种不同剂量（每次口服200、400和800mg/kg体重）的甲醇叶提取物进行了28天的亚急性毒性研究。每周记录体重的变化。评估血清生化参数并进行血细胞计数以检查提取物对造血系统的影响。重要器官的组织病理学。肾,心,大脑,进行肝脏检查以发现任何病理适应症。因为,肝脏是外源性生物代谢的主要部位，估计谷胱甘肽的水平，过氧化氢酶和脂质过氧化。Further,对叶提取物进行了总酚和类黄酮化合物含量估算。
结果：GC-MS显示14种主要化合物的面积百分比>1％，其中奎尼酸，正十六烷酸,9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸,(Z,Z,Z)-,八三氟醋酸酯,是三种主要化合物。用提取物处理后没有观察到死亡。与对照组相比，血细胞计数和生化指标没有显着差异。重要器官的组织病理学研究。(肝脏,肾,与对照组相比，心脏和大脑）显示出正常的细胞结构。没有膜脂质过氧化的迹象，肝脏中过氧化氢酶水平和谷胱甘肽水平的消耗。结果表明，亚急性毒性的NOAEL（未观察到不良反应水平）高于800mg/kg。叶提取物显示出显著的总酚和黄酮含量。
结论：本研究表明，木耳具有重要的生物活性化合物，具有治疗价值。在大鼠中反复高剂量给药后，该植物可安全食用，并且具有大量的总酚和类黄酮含量。
目的：在目前的研究植物化学概况中，评价了木麻叶提取物的毒理学特征和总酚和黄酮化合物含量。
方法：通过使用气相色谱-质谱/质谱（GC-MS/MS）进行气相色谱与质谱联用以进行化学剖析，岛津,TQ8040系统。使用白化病Wistar大鼠通过施用3种不同剂量（每次口服200、400和800mg/kg体重）的甲醇叶提取物进行了28天的亚急性毒性研究。每周记录体重的变化。评估血清生化参数并进行血细胞计数以检查提取物对造血系统的影响。重要器官的组织病理学。肾,心,大脑,进行肝脏检查以发现任何病理适应症。因为,肝脏是外源性生物代谢的主要部位，估计谷胱甘肽的水平，过氧化氢酶和脂质过氧化。Further,对叶提取物进行了总酚和类黄酮化合物含量估算。
结果：GC-MS显示14种主要化合物的面积百分比>1％，其中奎尼酸，正十六烷酸,9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸,(Z,Z,Z)-,八三氟醋酸酯,是三种主要化合物。用提取物处理后没有观察到死亡。与对照组相比，血细胞计数和生化指标没有显着差异。重要器官的组织病理学研究。(肝脏,肾,与对照组相比，心脏和大脑）显示出正常的细胞结构。没有膜脂质过氧化的迹象，肝脏中过氧化氢酶水平和谷胱甘肽水平的消耗。结果表明，亚急性毒性的NOAEL（未观察到不良反应水平）高于800mg/kg。叶提取物显示出显著的总酚和黄酮含量。
结论：本研究表明，木耳具有重要的生物活性化合物，具有治疗价值。在大鼠中反复高剂量给药后，该植物可安全食用，并且具有大量的总酚和类黄酮含量。
