Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: The concentration of drugs in a driver\'s system can change between an impaired driving arrest or crash and the collection of a biological specimen for drug testing. Accordingly, delays in specimen collection can result in the loss of critical information that has the potential to affect impaired driving prosecution. The objectives of the study were: (1) to identify factors that influence the time between impaired-driving violations and specimen collections (time-to-collection) among crash-involved drivers, and (2) to consider how such delays affect measured concentrations of drugs, particularly with respect to common drug per se limits.
UNASSIGNED: Study data included blood toxicology results and crash-related information from 8,923 drivers who were involved in crashes and arrested for impaired driving in Wisconsin between 2019 and 2021. Analyses examined how crash timing and severity influenced time-to-collection and the effects of delays in specimen collection on blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) and blood delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations.
UNASSIGNED: The mean time-to-collection for the entire sample was 1.80 h. Crash severity had a significant effect on time-to-collection with crashes involving a fatality having the longest duration (M = 2.35 h) followed by injury crashes (M = 2.06 h) and noninjury crashes (M = 1.69 h). Time of day also affected time-to-collection; late night and early morning hours were associated with shorter durations. Both BAC (r = -0.11) and blood THC concentrations (r = -0.16) were significantly negatively correlated with time-to-collection.
UNASSIGNED: Crash severity and the time of day at which a crash occurs can result in delays in the collection of blood specimens after impaired driving arrests. Because drugs often continue to be metabolized and eliminated between arrest and biological specimen collection, measured concentrations may not represent the concentrations of drugs that were present at the time of driving. This has the potential to affect drug-impaired driving prosecution, particularly in jurisdictions whose laws specify per se impairment thresholds.
UNASSIGNED: Study data included blood toxicology results and crash-related information from 8,923 drivers who were involved in crashes and arrested for impaired driving in Wisconsin between 2019 and 2021. Analyses examined how crash timing and severity influenced time-to-collection and the effects of delays in specimen collection on blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) and blood delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations.
UNASSIGNED: The mean time-to-collection for the entire sample was 1.80 h. Crash severity had a significant effect on time-to-collection with crashes involving a fatality having the longest duration (M = 2.35 h) followed by injury crashes (M = 2.06 h) and noninjury crashes (M = 1.69 h). Time of day also affected time-to-collection; late night and early morning hours were associated with shorter durations. Both BAC (r = -0.11) and blood THC concentrations (r = -0.16) were significantly negatively correlated with time-to-collection.
UNASSIGNED: Crash severity and the time of day at which a crash occurs can result in delays in the collection of blood specimens after impaired driving arrests. Because drugs often continue to be metabolized and eliminated between arrest and biological specimen collection, measured concentrations may not represent the concentrations of drugs that were present at the time of driving. This has the potential to affect drug-impaired driving prosecution, particularly in jurisdictions whose laws specify per se impairment thresholds.
摘要：
■驾驶员系统中的药物浓度可能在受损的驾驶逮捕或撞车与收集生物样本进行药物测试之间发生变化。因此，样本收集的延迟可能导致关键信息的丢失，这可能会影响受损驾驶起诉。该研究的目的是：（1）确定影响碰撞驾驶员中受损驾驶违规和样本收集之间时间（收集时间）的因素，（2）考虑这种延迟如何影响药物的测量浓度，特别是关于普通药物本身的限制。
■研究数据包括血液毒理学结果和撞车相关信息，这些信息来自2019年至2021年在威斯康星州因撞车事故而被捕的8923名驾驶员。分析了碰撞时间和严重程度如何影响收集时间以及样本收集延迟对血液酒精浓度（BAC）和血液δ-9-四氢大麻酚（THC）浓度的影响。
■整个样本的平均采集时间为1.80h。碰撞严重程度对采集时间有显著影响，其中涉及死亡的碰撞持续时间最长（M=2.35h），其次是伤害碰撞（M=2.06h）和非伤害碰撞（M=1.69h）。一天中的时间也会影响收集时间；深夜和清晨与较短的持续时间有关。BAC（r=-0.11）和血液THC浓度（r=-0.16）均与收集时间显着负相关。
■撞车的严重程度和发生撞车的时间会导致在驾车被捕后血液样本的收集延迟。因为药物经常在停药和生物样本收集之间继续代谢和消除，测得的浓度可能不代表驾驶时存在的药物浓度。这有可能影响对毒品损害驾驶的起诉，特别是在法律本身规定了减值阈值的司法管辖区。
■研究数据包括血液毒理学结果和撞车相关信息，这些信息来自2019年至2021年在威斯康星州因撞车事故而被捕的8923名驾驶员。分析了碰撞时间和严重程度如何影响收集时间以及样本收集延迟对血液酒精浓度（BAC）和血液δ-9-四氢大麻酚（THC）浓度的影响。
■整个样本的平均采集时间为1.80h。碰撞严重程度对采集时间有显著影响，其中涉及死亡的碰撞持续时间最长（M=2.35h），其次是伤害碰撞（M=2.06h）和非伤害碰撞（M=1.69h）。一天中的时间也会影响收集时间；深夜和清晨与较短的持续时间有关。BAC（r=-0.11）和血液THC浓度（r=-0.16）均与收集时间显着负相关。
■撞车的严重程度和发生撞车的时间会导致在驾车被捕后血液样本的收集延迟。因为药物经常在停药和生物样本收集之间继续代谢和消除，测得的浓度可能不代表驾驶时存在的药物浓度。这有可能影响对毒品损害驾驶的起诉，特别是在法律本身规定了减值阈值的司法管辖区。
