PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Giardiosis remains one of the most prevalent enteric parasitic infections globally. Earlier molecular-based studies conducted in Egypt have primarily focused on paediatric clinical populations and most were based on single genotyping markers. As a result, there is limited information on the frequency and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis infections in individuals of all age groups.
Individual stool samples (n = 460) from outpatients seeking medical care were collected during January-December 2021 in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, northern Egypt. Initial screening for the presence of G. duodenalis was conducted by coprological examination. Microscopy-positive samples were further confirmed by real-time PCR. A multilocus sequence typing approach targeted amplification of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), beta-giardin (bg), and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) genes was used for genotyping purposes. A standardised epidemiological questionnaire was used to gather basic sociodemographic and clinical features of the recruited patients.
Giardia duodenalis cysts were observed in 5.4% (25/460, 95% CI: 3.6-7.9) of the stool samples examined by conventional microscopy. The infection was more frequent in children under the age of 10 years and in individuals presenting with diarrhoea but without reaching statistical significance. Stool samples collected during the winter period were more likely to harbour G. duodenalis. All 25 microscopy-positive samples were confirmed by real-time PCR, but genotyping data was only available for 56.0% (14/25) of the isolates. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of assemblages A (78.6%, 11/14) and B (21.4%, 3/14). All assemblage A isolates were identified as sub-assemblage AII, whereas the three assemblage B sequences belonged to the sub-assemblage BIII. Patients with giardiosis presenting with diarrhoea were more frequently infected by the assemblage A of the parasite.
This is one of the largest epidemiological studies evaluating G. duodenalis infection in individuals of all age groups in Egypt. Our molecular data suggest that G. duodenalis infections in the surveyed population are primarily of anthropic origin. However, because assemblages A and B are zoonotic, some of the infections identified can have an animal origin. Additional investigations targeting animal (domestic and free-living) and environmental (water) samples are warranted to better understand the epidemiology of giardiosis in Egypt.
Individual stool samples (n = 460) from outpatients seeking medical care were collected during January-December 2021 in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, northern Egypt. Initial screening for the presence of G. duodenalis was conducted by coprological examination. Microscopy-positive samples were further confirmed by real-time PCR. A multilocus sequence typing approach targeted amplification of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), beta-giardin (bg), and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) genes was used for genotyping purposes. A standardised epidemiological questionnaire was used to gather basic sociodemographic and clinical features of the recruited patients.
Giardia duodenalis cysts were observed in 5.4% (25/460, 95% CI: 3.6-7.9) of the stool samples examined by conventional microscopy. The infection was more frequent in children under the age of 10 years and in individuals presenting with diarrhoea but without reaching statistical significance. Stool samples collected during the winter period were more likely to harbour G. duodenalis. All 25 microscopy-positive samples were confirmed by real-time PCR, but genotyping data was only available for 56.0% (14/25) of the isolates. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of assemblages A (78.6%, 11/14) and B (21.4%, 3/14). All assemblage A isolates were identified as sub-assemblage AII, whereas the three assemblage B sequences belonged to the sub-assemblage BIII. Patients with giardiosis presenting with diarrhoea were more frequently infected by the assemblage A of the parasite.
This is one of the largest epidemiological studies evaluating G. duodenalis infection in individuals of all age groups in Egypt. Our molecular data suggest that G. duodenalis infections in the surveyed population are primarily of anthropic origin. However, because assemblages A and B are zoonotic, some of the infections identified can have an animal origin. Additional investigations targeting animal (domestic and free-living) and environmental (water) samples are warranted to better understand the epidemiology of giardiosis in Egypt.
摘要：
■贾第虫病仍然是全球最普遍的肠道寄生虫感染之一。在埃及进行的早期基于分子的研究主要集中在儿科临床人群，并且大多数基于单一基因分型标记。因此,在所有年龄组的个体中,关于十二指肠氏杆菌感染的频率和遗传多样性的信息有限.
■在2021年1月至12月在卡夫尔-谢赫省收集了寻求医疗服务的门诊患者的粪便样本（n=460），埃及北部。通过共产学检查进行十二指肠G.的初步筛查。通过实时PCR进一步证实显微镜检查阳性样品。多位点序列分型方法靶向扩增谷氨酸脱氢酶（gdh），beta-giardin(bg),和丙糖磷酸异构酶（tpi）基因用于基因分型目的。标准化的流行病学问卷用于收集招募患者的基本社会人口统计学和临床特征。
■在常规显微镜检查的粪便样本中，有5.4％（25/460，95％CI：3.6-7.9）观察到十二指肠贾第虫囊肿。10岁以下儿童和腹泻患者的感染频率更高，但没有统计学意义。在冬季收集的粪便样本更有可能携带G.daudenalis。所有25个显微镜阳性样品通过实时PCR确认，但基因分型数据仅适用于56.0%(14/25)的分离株。序列分析显示存在组合A(78.6%，11/14）和B（21.4%，3/14）。所有组合A分离株都被鉴定为亚组合AII，而三个组合B序列属于亚组合BIII。表现为腹泻的贾第鞭毛虫病患者更经常被寄生虫的组合A感染。
■这是埃及最大的流行病学研究之一，评估了所有年龄段的人的十二指肠G.我们的分子数据表明，在接受调查的人群中，十二指肠G。然而,因为组合A和B是人畜共患的，一些确定的感染可能来自动物。有必要针对动物（家庭和自由生活）和环境（水）样本进行其他调查，以更好地了解埃及贾第鞭毛虫病的流行病学。
■在2021年1月至12月在卡夫尔-谢赫省收集了寻求医疗服务的门诊患者的粪便样本（n=460），埃及北部。通过共产学检查进行十二指肠G.的初步筛查。通过实时PCR进一步证实显微镜检查阳性样品。多位点序列分型方法靶向扩增谷氨酸脱氢酶（gdh），beta-giardin(bg),和丙糖磷酸异构酶（tpi）基因用于基因分型目的。标准化的流行病学问卷用于收集招募患者的基本社会人口统计学和临床特征。
■在常规显微镜检查的粪便样本中，有5.4％（25/460，95％CI：3.6-7.9）观察到十二指肠贾第虫囊肿。10岁以下儿童和腹泻患者的感染频率更高，但没有统计学意义。在冬季收集的粪便样本更有可能携带G.daudenalis。所有25个显微镜阳性样品通过实时PCR确认，但基因分型数据仅适用于56.0%(14/25)的分离株。序列分析显示存在组合A(78.6%，11/14）和B（21.4%，3/14）。所有组合A分离株都被鉴定为亚组合AII，而三个组合B序列属于亚组合BIII。表现为腹泻的贾第鞭毛虫病患者更经常被寄生虫的组合A感染。
■这是埃及最大的流行病学研究之一，评估了所有年龄段的人的十二指肠G.我们的分子数据表明，在接受调查的人群中，十二指肠G。然而,因为组合A和B是人畜共患的，一些确定的感染可能来自动物。有必要针对动物（家庭和自由生活）和环境（水）样本进行其他调查，以更好地了解埃及贾第鞭毛虫病的流行病学。
