Abstract：
Household-related microbiome is closely related with human health. However, the knowledge about profiles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) which are carried by microbes inside homes and their temporal dynamics are rather limited. Here we monitored the seasonal changes of bacterial community (especially pathogenic bacteria), ARGs, and VFGs in household dust samples during two years. Based on metagenomic sequencing, the dust-related bacterial pathogenic community, ARGs, and VFGs all harbored the lowest richness in spring among four seasons. Their structure (except that of VFGs) also exhibited remarkable differences among the seasons. The structural variations of ARGs and VFGs were almost explained by mobile genetic elements (MGEs), bacterial pathogens, and particulate matter-related factors, with MGEs explaining the most. Moreover, the total normalized abundance of ARGs or VFGs showed no significant change across the seasons. Results of metagenomic binning and microbial network both showed that several pathogenic taxa (e.g., Ralstonia pickettii) were strongly linked with numerous ARGs (mainly resistant to multidrug) and VFGs (mainly encoding motility) simultaneously. Overall, these findings underline the significance of MGEs in structuring ARGs and VFGs inside homes along with seasonal variations, suggesting that household dust is a neglected reservoir for ARGs and VFGs.
摘要：
家庭相关微生物组与人类健康密切相关。然而,关于家庭内部微生物携带的抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和毒力因子基因（VFGs）的概况及其时间动态的知识相当有限。在这里，我们监测了细菌群落（尤其是致病菌）的季节性变化，ARGs,以及两年内家用灰尘样品中的VFGs。基于宏基因组测序，与粉尘有关的细菌致病群落，ARGs,和VFG都在四个季节中春季的富裕程度最低。它们的结构（VFG除外）在季节之间也表现出显着差异。ARGs和VFGs的结构变异几乎是由移动遗传元件(MGEs)解释的，细菌病原体，和颗粒物相关因素，用MGE解释最多。此外，ARGs或VFGs的总归一化丰度在各个季节没有显着变化。宏基因组分类和微生物网络的结果表明，几种病原分类群(例如，Ralstoniapickettii）同时与许多ARG（主要对多种药物具有抗性）和VFG（主要编码运动性）密切相关。总的来说,这些发现强调了MGE在构建家庭内部ARG和VFG以及季节性变化方面的重要性，这表明家庭灰尘是ARGs和VFGs被忽视的水库。
