Abstract：
We aim to systematically review and meta-analyze the effectiveness and safety of psychedelics [psilocybin, ayahuasca (active component DMT), LSD and MDMA] in treating symptoms of various mental disorders. Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and PubMed were searched up to February 2024 and 126 articles were finally included. Results showed that psilocybin has the largest number of articles on treating mood disorders (N = 28), followed by ayahuasca (N = 7) and LSD (N = 6). Overall, psychedelics have therapeutic effects on mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. Specifically, psilocybin (Hedges\' g = -1.49, 95% CI [-1.67, -1.30]) showed the strongest therapeutic effect among four psychedelics, followed by ayahuasca (Hedges\' g = -1.34, 95% CI [-1.86, -0.82]), MDMA (Hedges\' g = -0.83, 95% CI [-1.33, -0.32]), and LSD (Hedges\' g = -0.65, 95% CI [-1.03, -0.27]). A small amount of evidence also supports psychedelics improving tobacco addiction, eating disorders, sleep disorders, borderline personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and body dysmorphic disorder. The most common adverse event with psychedelics was headache. Nearly a third of the articles reported that no participants reported lasting adverse effects. Our analyses suggest that psychedelics reduce negative mood, and have potential efficacy in other mental disorders, such as substance-use disorders and PTSD.
摘要：
我们旨在系统地回顾和荟萃分析迷幻药的有效性和安全性[psilocybin，ayahuasca（活性成分DMT），LSD和MDMA]治疗各种精神障碍的症状。WebofScience,Embase,EBSCO,截至2024年2月，PubMed进行了搜索，最终收录了126篇文章。结果表明，psilocybin有最多的文章治疗情绪障碍（N=28），其次是ayahuasca（N=7）和LSD（N=6）。总的来说,迷幻药对抑郁症和焦虑症等精神障碍有治疗作用。具体来说,psilocybin（Hedges\'g=-1.49，95％CI[-1.67，-1.30]）在四种迷幻药中显示出最强的治疗效果，其次是ayahuasca(对冲=-1.34，95%CI[-1.86，-0.82])，MDMA(对冲=-0.83，95%CI[-1.33，-0.32])，和LSD（对冲=-0.65，95%CI[-1.03，-0.27]）。少量证据也支持迷幻药改善烟草成瘾，饮食失调,睡眠障碍,边缘性人格障碍,强迫症,和身体畸形。迷幻药最常见的不良事件是头痛。近三分之一的文章报告说，没有参与者报告持续的不良反应。我们的分析表明，迷幻药可以减少负面情绪，并对其他精神障碍有潜在疗效，如物质使用障碍和创伤后应激障碍。
