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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Psychological stress can be a common risk factor for the development of oral and systemic disease; therefore, analysis of a pathophysiologic mechanisms that may explain this association may be significant in planning preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the association amongst academic stress, periodontal health, and salivary cortisol and nitrite and nitrate levels in a sample of university students.
METHODS: Participants (N = 14) were classified into 2 groups according to their exposure to academic stress due to periods of university exams (n = 6 and n = 8, respectively). All participants were subjected evlauted for their behavioural, psychological, and anthropometric parameters, as well as an oral health examination. A real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis in samples of saliva and plaque was used to detect Prevotella intermedia and Veillonella dispar as well as the total bacterial count. Nitrite/nitrate ratio (NR ratio) and cortisol in saliva were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS: Full Mouth Bleeding Score, Full Mouth Plaque Score, and Gingival Index were significantly higher in the group exposed to academic stress. Nitrite was directly related to the presence of V dispar (coefficient, 0.13; P = .00; CI, 0.07 to 0.19) and inversely related to total bacterial count (coefficient, -0.07; P = .012; CI, -0.13 to 0.02). NR ratio was directly related to V dispar (coefficient, 4.35; P = .010; 95% CI, 1.35 to 7.36) and inversely related to total bacterial count (coefficient, -4.05; P = .018; 95% CI, -7.32 to 0.86).
CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the importance of stress on periodontal health and salivary nitrite concentration and highlight a potential differential role of specific bacteria on nitrite concentration in saliva.
METHODS: Participants (N = 14) were classified into 2 groups according to their exposure to academic stress due to periods of university exams (n = 6 and n = 8, respectively). All participants were subjected evlauted for their behavioural, psychological, and anthropometric parameters, as well as an oral health examination. A real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis in samples of saliva and plaque was used to detect Prevotella intermedia and Veillonella dispar as well as the total bacterial count. Nitrite/nitrate ratio (NR ratio) and cortisol in saliva were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS: Full Mouth Bleeding Score, Full Mouth Plaque Score, and Gingival Index were significantly higher in the group exposed to academic stress. Nitrite was directly related to the presence of V dispar (coefficient, 0.13; P = .00; CI, 0.07 to 0.19) and inversely related to total bacterial count (coefficient, -0.07; P = .012; CI, -0.13 to 0.02). NR ratio was directly related to V dispar (coefficient, 4.35; P = .010; 95% CI, 1.35 to 7.36) and inversely related to total bacterial count (coefficient, -4.05; P = .018; 95% CI, -7.32 to 0.86).
CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the importance of stress on periodontal health and salivary nitrite concentration and highlight a potential differential role of specific bacteria on nitrite concentration in saliva.
摘要：
目的：心理压力可能是口腔和全身性疾病发展的常见危险因素；因此，对可能解释这种关联的病理生理机制的分析对于制定预防策略可能具有重要意义.这项研究的目的是调查学术压力之间的关联，牙周健康，以及大学生样本中的唾液皮质醇和亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐水平。
方法：参与者（N=14）根据他们因大学考试而面临学术压力的情况分为两组（分别为n=6和n=8）。所有参与者的行为都受到了谴责，心理,和人体测量参数，以及口腔健康检查。唾液和牙菌斑样品中的实时聚合酶链反应分析用于检测中间普氏菌和Veillonelladispar以及细菌总数。通过酶联免疫吸附试验评估唾液中的亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐比率（NR比率）和皮质醇。
结果：全口出血评分，全口斑块得分,在学业压力下，牙龈指数明显更高。亚硝酸盐与Vdispar的存在直接相关(系数，0.13；P=.00；CI，0.07至0.19），与细菌总数成反比（系数，-0.07；P=.012；CI，-0.13至0.02）。NR比与Vdispar直接相关(系数，4.35；P=.010；95%CI，1.35至7.36），与细菌总数成反比（系数，-4.05；P=.018；95%CI，-7.32至0.86）。
结论：这些结果证实了应激对牙周健康和唾液亚硝酸盐浓度的重要性，并强调了特定细菌对唾液亚硝酸盐浓度的潜在差异作用。
方法：参与者（N=14）根据他们因大学考试而面临学术压力的情况分为两组（分别为n=6和n=8）。所有参与者的行为都受到了谴责，心理,和人体测量参数，以及口腔健康检查。唾液和牙菌斑样品中的实时聚合酶链反应分析用于检测中间普氏菌和Veillonelladispar以及细菌总数。通过酶联免疫吸附试验评估唾液中的亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐比率（NR比率）和皮质醇。
结果：全口出血评分，全口斑块得分,在学业压力下，牙龈指数明显更高。亚硝酸盐与Vdispar的存在直接相关(系数，0.13；P=.00；CI，0.07至0.19），与细菌总数成反比（系数，-0.07；P=.012；CI，-0.13至0.02）。NR比与Vdispar直接相关(系数，4.35；P=.010；95%CI，1.35至7.36），与细菌总数成反比（系数，-4.05；P=.018；95%CI，-7.32至0.86）。
结论：这些结果证实了应激对牙周健康和唾液亚硝酸盐浓度的重要性，并强调了特定细菌对唾液亚硝酸盐浓度的潜在差异作用。
