Abstract：
Empathy deficiencies are prevalent among deaf individuals. It has yet to be determined whether they exhibit an ingroup bias in empathic responses. This study employed explicit and implicit empathy tasks (i.e. attention-to-pain-cue [A-P] task and attention-to-nonpain-cue [A-N] task) to explore the temporal dynamics of neural activities when deaf individuals were processing painful/nonpainful stimuli from both ingroup models (deaf people) and outgroup models (hearing people), which aims to not only assist deaf individuals in gaining a deeper understanding of their intergroup empathy traits but also to aid in the advancement of inclusive education. In the A-P task, we found that (i) ingroup priming accelerated the response speed to painful/nonpainful pictures; (ii) the N2 amplitude of painful pictures was significantly more negative than that of nonpainful pictures in outgroup priming trials, whereas the N2 amplitude difference between painful and nonpainful pictures was not significant in ingroup priming trials. For N1 amplitude of the A-N task, we have similar findings. However, this pattern was reversed for P3/late positive component amplitude of the A-P task. These results suggest that the deaf individuals had difficulty in judging whether hearing individuals were in pain. However, their group identification and affective responses could shape the relatively early stage of pain empathy.
摘要：
移情缺陷在聋人中普遍存在。尚未确定它们是否在移情反应中表现出内在偏见。这项研究采用了外显和内隐的移情任务（即注意疼痛提示[A-P]任务和注意非疼痛提示[A-N]任务）来探索聋人处理来自群体模型（聋人）和群体模型（听觉人）的疼痛/非疼痛刺激时神经活动的时间动态。它不仅旨在帮助聋人更深入地了解他们的群体间移情特征，而且还有助于促进包容性教育。在A-P任务中,我们发现（i）内组启动加速了对疼痛/非疼痛图片的响应速度；（ii）在外组启动试验中，疼痛图片的N2幅度明显比非疼痛图片的N2幅度更大。而在组内启动试验中，疼痛和非疼痛图片之间的N2振幅差异不显著。对于A-N任务的N1振幅,我们有类似的发现。然而,对于P3/A-P任务的晚期正分量振幅,这种模式是相反的.这些结果表明，聋人难以判断听力个体是否处于疼痛状态。然而,他们的群体认同和情感反应可以塑造疼痛共情的相对早期阶段。
