Abstract：
Nucleic acid aptamers, often termed \"chemical antibodies,\" are short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules, which are selected by SELEX. In addition to their high specificity and affinity comparable to traditional antibodies, aptamers have numerous unique advantages such as wider identification of targets, none or low batch-to-batch variations, versatile chemical modifications, rapid mass production, and lack of immunogenicity. These characteristics make aptamers a promising recognition probe for scientific research or even clinical application. Aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials are now emerged as a promising drug delivery system for various diseases with decreased side-effects and improved efficacy. In this review, the technological strategies for generating high-affinity and biostable aptamers are introduced. Moreover, the development of aptamers for their application in biomedicine including aptamer-based biosensors, aptamer-drug conjugates and aptamer functionalized nanomaterials is comprehensively summarized.
摘要：
核酸适体,通常被称为“化学抗体”，“很短，单链DNA或RNA分子，由SELEX选择。除了它们与传统抗体相当的高特异性和亲和力外，适体具有许多独特的优势，如更广泛的目标识别，无或批次间差异较低，多功能化学修饰，快速批量生产，缺乏免疫原性。这些特性使适体成为科学研究甚至临床应用的有前途的识别探针。适体官能化的纳米材料现已成为用于各种疾病的有希望的药物递送系统,具有降低的副作用和提高的功效。在这次审查中,介绍了产生高亲和力和生物稳定性适体的技术策略。此外，适体在生物医学中的应用的开发，包括基于适体的生物传感器，综述了适体-药物偶联物和适体功能化纳米材料。
