Abstract：
Intrinsic pathologies of the vertebral arteries, such as atherosclerosis, dissection, fibromuscular dysplasia, radionecrosis and vasculitis, are important causes of vertebrobasilar insufficiency and cerebrovascular events. This review focuses on non-aneurysmal intrinsic stenosing and occlusive pathologies, covering their epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment options. It also provides a detailed summary of key clinical presentations and syndromes, including an in-depth examination of lateral medullary syndrome, historically known as Wallenberg\'s syndrome, which is arguably the most emblematic condition resulting from vertebral artery involvement and is depicted in an illustrative cartoon.
摘要：
椎动脉的内在病理，比如动脉粥样硬化，解剖,纤维肌性发育不良,放射性坏死和血管炎，是椎-基底动脉供血不足和脑血管事件的重要原因。这篇综述侧重于非动脉瘤性内在狭窄和闭塞性病变，涵盖他们的流行病学，诊断,和治疗选择。它还提供了关键临床表现和综合征的详细总结，包括对延髓外侧综合征的深入检查，历史上被称为瓦伦堡综合症，这可以说是椎动脉受累引起的最具代表性的疾病，并在说明性漫画中进行了描述。
