Abstract：
In recent times, usage of pesticide, herbicides and synthetic fertilizers in farming lands has made the environment worse. The pesticide residues and toxic byproducts from agricultural lands were found to contaminate the aquatic ecosystem. The misuse of synthetic pesticide not only affects the environment, but also affects the health status of aquatic organisms. The organophosphate pesticide pollutants are emerging contaminants, which threatens the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Monocrotophos (MCP) is an organophosphate insecticide, utilized on crops including rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton, soybeans, groundnuts and vegetables. MCP is hydrophilic in nature and their solubilizing properties reduce the soil sorption which leads to groundwater contamination. The half-life period of MCP is 17-96 and the half-life period of technical grade MCP is 2500 days if held stable at 38 °C in a container. MCP causes mild to severe confusion, anxiety, hyper-salivation, convulsion and respiratory distress in mammals as well as aquatic animals. The MCP induced toxicity including survival rate, behavioural changes, reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity in different aquatic species have been discussed in this review. Furthermore, the ultimate aim of this review is to highlight the international regulations, future perspectives and challenges involved in using the MCP.
摘要：
最近,农药的使用，农田中的除草剂和合成肥料使环境恶化。发现农田中的农药残留和有毒副产物污染了水生生态系统。滥用合成农药不仅影响环境,还影响水生生物的健康状况。有机磷农药污染物是新兴的污染物，威胁着陆地和水生生态系统。久效磷（MCP）是一种有机磷杀虫剂，用于包括水稻在内的作物，玉米,甘蔗,棉花,大豆,花生和蔬菜。MCP本质上是亲水性的,并且它们的增溶性质降低了导致地下水污染的土壤吸附。如果在容器中在38°C下保持稳定,则MCP的半衰期为17-96,并且技术级MCP的半衰期为2500天。MCP引起轻度到重度的混乱,焦虑,过度流涎,哺乳动物和水生动物的惊厥和呼吸窘迫。MCP诱导的毒性包括存活率，行为改变，本综述讨论了不同水生物种的生殖毒性和遗传毒性。此外，这次审查的最终目的是强调国际规则，使用MCP所涉及的未来前景和挑战。
