Abstract：
In today\'s era, nanoparticles (NPs) have become an integral part of human life, finding extensive applications in various fields of science, pharmacy, medicine, industry, electronics, and communication. The increasing popularity of NP usage worldwide is a testament to their tremendous potential. However, the widespread deployment of NPs unavoidably leads to their release into the environmental matrices, resulting in persistence in ecosystems and bioaccumulation in organisms. Understanding the environmental behavior of NPs poses a significant challenge due to their nanoscale size. Given the current environmental releases of NPs, known negative consequences, and the limited knowledge available for risk management, comprehending the toxicity of NPs in ecosystems is both awaiting and crucial. The present review aims to unravel the potential environmental influences of nano-scaled materials, and provides in-depth inferences of the current knowledge and understanding in this field. The review comprehensively summarizes the sources, fate, transport, toxicity, health risks, and remediation solutions associated with NP pollution in aquatic and soil ecosystems. Furthermore, it addresses the knowledge gaps and outlines further investigation priorities for the sustainable control of NP pollution in these environments. By gaining a holistic understanding of these aspects, we can work toward ensuring the responsible and sustainable use of NPs in today\'s fast-growing world.
摘要：
在今天的时代,纳米粒子（NPs）已经成为人类生活中不可或缺的一部分，在科学的各个领域发现了广泛的应用，药房,医学,工业,电子,和沟通。在全球范围内使用NP的日益普及证明了其巨大的潜力。然而,NPs的广泛部署不可避免地导致它们被释放到环境矩阵中，导致生态系统的持久性和生物体的生物积累。由于NPs的纳米级尺寸，了解其环境行为提出了重大挑战。鉴于目前NPs的环境释放，已知的负面后果，以及可用于风险管理的有限知识，了解生态系统中NP的毒性既是等待的，也是至关重要的。本综述旨在揭示纳米材料的潜在环境影响，并提供了对该领域当前知识和理解的深入推断。综述全面总结了资料来源,命运,运输,毒性,健康风险,以及与水生和土壤生态系统中NP污染相关的修复解决方案。此外，它解决了知识差距，并概述了在这些环境中可持续控制NP污染的进一步调查重点。通过对这些方面的整体理解，我们可以努力确保在当今快速增长的世界中负责任和可持续地使用NPs。
