Abstract：
Heavy metals and micro-/nanoplastic pollution seriously threaten the environment and ecosystems. While many studies investigated their effects on diverse microbes, few studies have focused on soil protists, and it is unclear how soil protists respond to the combined effect of micro-/nanoplastics and heavy metals. This study investigated how soil protistan and bacterial communities respond to single or combined copper and micro-/nanoplastics. The bacterial community exhibited an instantaneous response to single copper pollution, whereas the combined pollution resulted in a hysteresis effect on the protistan community. Single and combined pollution inhibited the predation of protists and changed the construction of ecological networks. Though single and combined pollution did not significantly affect the overall community structure, the exposure experiment indicated that combined pollution harmed soil amoeba\'s fitness. These findings offer valuable new insights into the toxic effects of single and combined pollution of copper and plastics on soil protistan and bacterial communities. Additionally, this study shows that sequencing-based analyses cannot fully reflect pollutants\' adverse effects, and both culture-independent and dependent methods are needed to reveal the impact of pollutants on soil microbes.
摘要：
重金属和微/纳米塑料污染严重威胁着环境和生态系统。虽然许多研究调查了它们对不同微生物的影响，很少有研究关注土壤原生生物，目前尚不清楚土壤原生生物如何应对微/纳米塑料和重金属的综合作用。这项研究调查了土壤和细菌群落如何对单一或组合的铜和微米/纳米塑料做出反应。细菌群落对单一铜污染表现出瞬时反应，而综合污染对protistan社区产生了滞后效应。单一污染和复合污染抑制了原生生物的捕食，改变了生态网络的构建。虽然单一污染和复合污染并没有显著影响整个群落结构，暴露实验表明，复合污染损害了土壤变形虫的适应性。这些发现为铜和塑料的单一和联合污染对土壤和细菌群落的毒性作用提供了有价值的新见解。此外,这项研究表明，基于测序的分析不能充分反映污染物的不利影响，需要培养无关和依赖的方法来揭示污染物对土壤微生物的影响。
