秸秆还田应用秸秆降解微生物(SDMs)是改善土壤质量的有效措施,提高产量,保持土壤微生物。然而,中国北方冬季SDM的利用受到低温效果差的限制。这项研究调查了一种新化合物SDM的作用,包括一种新型的低温真菌假木曲。SDF-LT,对冬小麦产量的影响,土壤改良,和土壤微生物多样性。在小麦-玉米轮作田的两种不同土壤质地上进行了为期2年的田间试验,玉米秸秆全部还田,SDM的用量为67.5kghm-2。连续应用SDM2年后,冬小麦产量显著提高,宁津(NJSDM)达到9419.40kghm-2,满城(MCSDM)达到9107.25kghm-2。与单根秸秆还田组相比,土壤性质有了明显改善,尤其是沙质壤土,质量相对较低。土壤微生物多样性分析表明,SDMs显著降低了Chao1、Shannon、辛普森,并观察了MCSDM组的砂壤土种类。SDMs显著提高了两个实验点真菌多样性的Simpson指数和Shannon指数,SDM组真菌的负相关从47.1%提高到48.85%。SDM组中的土壤优势微生物发生了变化,其中微生物之间的相互作用增强。这些结果表明,SDMs改变了土壤微生物群落结构及其多样性和复杂性,有利于作物生长。我们的研究为寒冷冬季秸秆还田利用低温SDM提供了充分的证据,在土壤改良中发挥作用,特别是对于低质量的土壤,以增加作物产量。
The application of straw-degrading microbes (SDMs) with straw returned to the field is an effective measure to improve soil quality, increase yield, and maintain soil microorganisms. However, the utilization of SDMs in winter in north China is limited by the poor effects at low temperatures. This study investigated the effects of a new compound SDM, including a novel low-temperature fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. SDF-LT, on winter wheat yield, soil improvement, and soil microbial diversity. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in two different soil textures of wheat-maize rotation fields with full corn straw return and application of SDMs at an amount of 67.5 kg hm-2. After 2 years of continuous application of SDMs, the winter wheat yield increased significantly, reaching 9419.40 kg hm-2 in Ningjin (NJSDM) and 9107.25 kg hm-2 in Mancheng (MCSDM). The soil properties have been significantly improved compared with the single straw return group, especially the sandy loam soil, whose quality is relatively low. The analysis of soil microbial diversity showed that SDMs significantly reduced the Chao1, Shannon, Simpson, and observed species of the sandy loam soil in the MCSDM group. The Simpson and Shannon indexes of fungi diversity in the two experimental sites were significantly increased by SDMs. The negative correlation of fungi increased from 47.1 to 48.85% in the SDM groups. The soil-dominant microbes changed in the SDM groups, in which the interactions between microbes were enhanced. These results suggested that the SDMs changed the the soil microbial community structure and its diversity and complexity, which is beneficial for crop growth. Our study provided sufficient evidence for the utilization of low-temperature SDMs with straw return in cold winter, which plays a role in soil improvement, especially for low-quality soils, to increase crop yield.