Abstract：
This article reviews the legal frameworks of diminished criminal responsibility in eighteen civil law jurisdictions across the globe-Brazil, Chile, China, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, and Turkey. Specifically, it reports the legal standards and main features of partial responsibility, associated penalty reductions, and potential dispositions following a partial responsibility finding. It also surveys empirical data on the prevalence of diminished responsibility as compared to criminal nonresponsibility. This article, which reflects contemporary penal codes and draws from both English and non-English sources, is the only known existing source to compile these partial responsibility standards or to delineate their precise sentencing consequences. It is also the only known source in English to describe Portugal\'s and Chile\'s treatment of diminished responsibility. Providing a comparative overview of graduated responsibility in nearly twenty countries invites global discussion on whether and how society should recognize partial responsibility, as well as the punitive and therapeutic consequences that should attend this finding.
摘要：
本文回顾了全球18个大陆法系司法管辖区减少刑事责任的法律框架-巴西，智利,中国,捷克共和国,芬兰,法国,德国,希腊,意大利,Japan,卢森堡,波兰,葡萄牙,俄罗斯,西班牙,瑞士,台湾,和土耳其。具体来说,它报告了部分责任的法律标准和主要特征，相关的罚款减少，以及部分责任认定后的潜在倾向。它还调查了与无刑事责任相比，责任减少的普遍性的经验数据。这篇文章,它反映了当代的刑法，并借鉴了英语和非英语的来源，是编制这些部分责任标准或描述其精确量刑后果的唯一已知现有来源。这也是唯一已知的英语来源来描述葡萄牙和智利对责任减少的待遇。提供近20个国家已毕业的责任的比较概述，邀请全球讨论社会是否以及如何承认部分责任，以及应该伴随这一发现的惩罚和治疗后果。
