Abstract：
Since many waterborne diseases are caused by human pathogenic viruses, virus monitoring of drinking water (DW) and DW sources is crucial for public health. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe the occurrence of human pathogenic viruses in DW and DW sources; the occurrence of two viruses proposed as novel indicators of human faecal contamination (Pepper mild mottle virus and Tobacco mosaic virus) was also reported. This research was focused on articles that assessed viral occurrence using molecular methods in the surface water used for DW production (SW-D), groundwater used for DW production (GW-D), DW and bottled-DW (BW). A total of 1544 studies published in the last 10 years were analysed, and 79 were ultimately included. In considering the detection methods, filtration is the most common concentration technique, while quantitative polymerase chain reaction is the most common quantification technique. Regarding virus occurrence in SW-D, GW-D, and DW, high percentages of positive samples were reported for adenovirus, polyomavirus and Pepper mild mottle virus. Viral genomes were frequently detected in SW-D and rarely in GW-D, suggesting that GW-D may be a safe DW source. Viral genomes were also detected in DW, posing a possible threat to human health. The lowest percentages of positive samples were found in Europe, while the highest were found in Asia and South America. Only three articles assessed viral occurrence in BW. This review highlights the lack of method standardization and the need for legislation updates.
摘要：
由于许多水传播疾病是由人类病原病毒引起的，饮用水（DW）和DW源的病毒监测对公共卫生至关重要。因此,这篇综述的目的是描述DW和DW来源中人类致病病毒的发生;还报道了两种被提议作为人类粪便污染新指标的病毒(胡椒轻度斑驳病毒和烟草花叶病毒)的发生。这项研究的重点是在用于DW生产（SW-D）的地表水中使用分子方法评估病毒发生的文章，用于DW生产的地下水(GW-D)，DW和瓶装DW(BW)。分析了过去10年中发表的1544项研究，最终包括79个。在考虑检测方法时，过滤是最常见的浓缩技术，而定量聚合酶链反应是最常见的定量技术。关于SW-D中的病毒发生，GW-D,而DW,据报道，腺病毒阳性样本的百分比很高，多瘤病毒和胡椒轻度斑驳病毒。病毒基因组经常在SW-D中检测到，在GW-D中很少检测到。表明GW-D可能是安全的DW源。在DW中也检测到病毒基因组，可能对人类健康造成威胁。阳性样本的百分比最低的是在欧洲，而最高的是在亚洲和南美。只有三篇文章评估了BW中的病毒发生。这篇评论强调了方法标准化的缺乏和立法更新的必要性。
