Abstract：
Reputation and reciprocity are key mechanisms for cooperation in human societies, often going hand in hand to favor prosocial behavior over selfish actions. Here we review recent researches at the interface of physics and evolutionary game theory that explored these two mechanisms. We focus on image scoring as the bearer of reputation, as well as on various types of reciprocity, including direct, indirect, and network reciprocity. We review different definitions of reputation and reciprocity dynamics, and we show how these affect the evolution of cooperation in social dilemmas. We consider first-order, second-order, as well as higher-order models in well-mixed and structured populations, and we review experimental works that support and inform the results of mathematical modeling and simulations. We also provide a synthesis of the reviewed researches along with an outlook in terms of six directions that seem particularly promising to explore in the future.
摘要：
声誉和互惠是人类社会合作的关键机制,经常携手支持亲社会行为而不是自私行为。在这里，我们回顾了探索这两种机制的物理学和进化博弈论界面的最新研究。我们专注于形象评分作为声誉的承担者，以及各种类型的互惠，包括直接,间接，和网络互惠。我们回顾了声誉和互惠动态的不同定义，我们展示了这些如何影响社会困境中合作的演变。我们考虑一阶，二阶，以及混合和结构化人群中的高阶模型，我们回顾了支持和告知数学建模和模拟结果的实验工作。我们还提供了综述的研究以及六个方向的展望，这些方向似乎特别有希望在未来探索。
