纵观世界各国的煤炭开采历史,留下了大面积的采空区,可能发生大面积采空区的突然塌陷和地表沉降,特别是采矿周期长的矿区。辽源矿区北部新区经历了近半个世纪的采矿活动,伴随着灾难的逐渐积累,近年来经常发生。为了评估研究区采空区的稳定性,提出了一种混合决策多因素综合评价方法。利用地球物理勘探技术(地震勘探和瞬变电磁法)和地质钻探勘探确定了地下采空区的分布。首先,建立了基于采空区规范的评价指标体系,生态和地质环境,和开采条件;该系统包括14项指标。两种重量计算方法,AHP-EWM,在改进的博弈理论基础上,结合主客观权重确定各指标的综合权重。随后,利用模糊综合评价法对研究区各区块进行稳定性评价,利用MapGIS和ArcGIS完成了北部新区采空区稳定性区划图的绘制。研究区分为三个稳定区,基本稳定和不稳定,根据临界值。这些区域占23.03%,占研究区总面积的36.45%和40.52%,分别。全面的现场调查显示,从不稳定区到稳定区,塌陷坑的大小和数量以及房屋的损毁率都有所下降。这表明划分结果与实际情况相符。分类结果与实际地面灾害情况一致,从而验证了评价方法的合理性和有效性。结果表明,研究区的稳定性总体上处于中等偏下水平。
Throughout the history of coal mining in all countries of the world, large areas of goaf have been left behind, and sudden collapses and surface subsidence of large areas of goaf may occur, especially for mining areas with long mining cycles. The northern new district of the Liaoyuan mining area has been subjected to nearly half a century of mining activities, accompanied by a gradual accumulation of disasters, which have occurred frequently in recent years. In order to assess the stability of the goaf in the study area, this paper proposes a hybrid decision-making multi-factor integrated evaluation method. The distribution of underground goafs was determined using geophysical exploration techniques (seismic survey and transient electromagnetic method) and geological drilling exploration. First, an evaluation index system was established based on the specifications of the goaf, the ecological and geological environment, and the mining conditions; the system included 14 indicators. Two weight calculation methods, AHP-EWM, were employed to determine the comprehensive weight of each indicator by combining subjective and objective weights on the basis of improved game theory. Subsequently, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was utilised to complete the stability rating of each block in the study area, and MapGIS and ArcGIS were employed to complete the drawing of the stability zoning map of the northern new district goaf. The study area was divided into three zones of stability, basic stability and instability, according to the critical value. These zones accounted for 23.03%, 36.45% and 40.52% of the total area of the study area, respectively. The comprehensive on-site investigation revealed a decrease in the size and number of collapse pits and the rate of damage to the houses from the unstable zone to the stable zone. This indicates that the results of the division are consistent with the actual situation. The classification results are consistent with the actual ground disaster situation, thus verifying the rationality and validity of the evaluation method. The results indicate that the stability of the study area is generally at the lower middle level.