Abstract：
American football is the sport with the highest rates of concussion injuries. Biomedical engineering applications may support athletes in monitoring their injuries, evaluating the effectiveness of their equipment, and leading industrial research in this sport. This literature review aims to report on the applications of biomedical engineering research in American football, highlighting the main trends and gaps. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines and gathered a total of 1629 records from PubMed (n = 368), Web of Science (n = 665), and Scopus (n = 596). The records were analyzed, tabulated, and clustered in topics. In total, 112 studies were selected and divided by topic in the biomechanics of concussion (n = 55), biomechanics of footwear (n = 6), biomechanics of sport-related movements (n = 6), the aerodynamics of football and catch (n = 3), injury prediction (n = 8), heat monitoring of physiological parameters (n = 8), and monitoring of the training load (n = 25). The safety of players has fueled most of the research that has led to innovations in helmet and footwear design, as well as improvements in the understanding and prevention of injuries and heat monitoring. The other important motivator for research is the improvement of performance, which has led to the monitoring of training loads and catches, and studies on the aerodynamics of football. The main gaps found in the literature were regarding the monitoring of internal loads and the innovation of shoulder pads.
摘要：
美式足球是脑震荡受伤率最高的运动。生物医学工程应用可以支持运动员监测他们的伤害，评估其设备的有效性，在这项运动中领先的工业研究。这篇文献综述旨在报道生物医学工程研究在美式足球中的应用，突出主要趋势和差距。审查遵循PRISMA指南，并从PubMed收集了总共1629条记录（n=368），WebofScience(n=665)，和Scopus（n=596）。对记录进行了分析，列表，并聚集在主题中。总的来说,选择了112项研究，并在脑震荡的生物力学中按主题划分（n=55），鞋类生物力学（n=6），运动相关运动的生物力学（n=6），足球和接球的空气动力学(n=3)，损伤预测(n=8)，生理参数的热量监测(n=8)，和训练负荷的监测(n=25)。玩家的安全推动了大多数导致头盔和鞋类设计创新的研究，以及改进对伤害和热量监测的理解和预防。研究的另一个重要动机是绩效的提高，这导致了对训练负荷和渔获量的监控，以及对足球空气动力学的研究。文献中发现的主要差距是关于内部载荷的监测和肩垫的创新。
