Abstract：
High-flavonoid cocoa consumption has been associated with beneficial properties. However, there are scarce data concerning the effects of maternal cocoa intake on dams and in their progeny. Here, we evaluated in rats whether maternal supplementation with a high-flavan-3-ol cocoa extract (CCX) during lactation (200 mg.kg-1.day-1) produced beneficial effects on dams and in their normoweight (STD-CCX group) and cafeteria-fed obese (CAF-CCX group) adult male offspring. Maternal intake of CCX significantly increased the circulating levels of adiponectin and decreased the mammary gland lipid content of dams. These effects were accompanied by increased energy expenditure and circulating free fatty acids, as well as by a higher expression of lipogenic and adiponectin-related genes in their mammary glands, which could be related to a compensatory mechanism to ensure enough lipid supply to the pups. CCX consumption programmed both offspring groups towards increased plasma total adiponectin levels, and decreased liver weight and lean/fat ratio. Furthermore, CAF-CCX progeny showed an improvement of the inflammatory profile, evidenced by the significant decrease of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) circulating levels and the mRNA levels of the gene encoding the major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain (Cd74), a marker of M1 macrophage phenotype, in the epididymal white adipose tissue. Although further studies are needed, these findings can pave the way for using CCX as a nutraceutical supplement during lactation.
摘要：
高类黄酮可可的消耗与有益特性有关。然而,关于母体可可摄入量对大坝及其后代的影响的数据很少。这里,我们在大鼠中评估了哺乳期母亲是否补充高黄烷-3-醇可可提取物（CCX）（200mg.kg-1.day-1）对大坝及其正常体重（STD-CCX组）和自助餐厅喂养的肥胖（CAF-CCX组）成年雄性后代产生了有益作用。母亲摄入CCX可显着增加脂联素的循环水平，并降低水坝的乳腺脂质含量。这些影响伴随着增加的能量消耗和循环的游离脂肪酸，以及他们的乳腺中脂肪生成和脂联素相关基因的较高表达，这可能与补偿机制有关，以确保幼犬有足够的脂质供应。CCX消耗将两个子代组都编程为血浆总脂联素水平升高，和减少肝脏重量和瘦/脂肪比。此外，CAF-CCX后代显示炎症谱的改善，单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）循环水平和编码主要组织相容性复合物的基因的mRNA水平显着降低，II类不变链(Cd74)，M1巨噬细胞表型的标记，附睾白色脂肪组织。虽然还需要进一步的研究,这些发现可以为在哺乳期使用CCX作为营养补充剂铺平道路。
